Preschool Children’s Physical Activity and Community Environment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Two Cities in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Physical Activity
2.3. Community Environment
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population Characteristics
3.2. Physical Activity
3.3. Community Environment
3.4. Multivariate Linear Regression Results of Preschool Children’s Physical Activity and Community Environment
4. Discussion
4.1. Physical Activity Level and Characteristics of Preschooler Children
4.2. Relationship between Community Environment and Preschool Children’s Physical Activity
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total | Boys | Girls |
---|---|---|---|
N | 304 | 154 | 150 |
Age (years) | 5.07 ± 0.94 | 5.11 ± 0.96 | 5.02 ± 0.91 |
Height (cm) | 110.53 ± 7.44 | 110.85 ± 7.23 | 110.28 ± 7.65 |
Weight (kg) | 19.87 ± 3.92 | 20.05 ± 3.62 | 19.67 ± 3.90 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 16.15 ± 1.81 | 16.22 ± 1.77 | 16.05 ± 1.64 |
Level of education of parents (1–8 points) | 5.72 ± 0.97 | 5.78 ± 0.93 | 5.66 ± 1.02 |
Variable | Total | Boys | Girls |
---|---|---|---|
Average day (min/day) | |||
LPA | 95.42 ± 15.84 | 97.33 ± 16.83 * | 93.28 ± 14.56 |
MPA | 42.64 ± 9.96 | 44.90 ± 10.97 * | 40.10 ± 7.93 |
VPA | 35.08 ± 11.56 | 38.11 ± 11.99 * | 32.17 ± 10.00 |
MVPA | 77.58 ± 18.78 | 83.01 ± 19.31 * | 72.00 ± 16.71 |
TPA | 173.26 ± 30.38 | 180.34 ± 32.54 * | 165.77 ± 26.30 |
Meeting MVPA recommendations (%) | 82.8 | 90.3 | 74.8 |
Meeting TPA recommendations (%) | 38.3 | 50.0 | 26.0 |
Meeting MVPA and TPA recommendations (%) | 26.2 | 33.8 | 18.4 |
Weekday (min/day) | |||
LPA | 93.47 ± 15.85 # | 95.07 ± 17.07 # | 91.59 ± 14.40 # |
MPA | 40.99 ± 10.13 # | 42.98 ± 11.62 *# | 38.74 ± 7.68 # |
VPA | 34.60 ± 11.58 # | 37.29 ± 12.23 *# | 31.98 ± 9.83 # |
MVPA | 75.59 ± 18.37 # | 80.27 ± 19.74 *# | 70.72 ± 15.50 # |
TPA | 169.06 ± 30.86 # | 175.34 ± 33.61 *# | 162.31 ± 26.33 # |
Meeting MVPA recommendations (%) | 81.2 | 86.4 | 75.3 |
Meeting TPA recommendations (%) | 33.8 | 41.6 | 26.0 |
Meeting MVPA and TPA recommendations (%) | 23.1 | 28.1 | 18.4 |
Weekend (min/day) | |||
LPA | 101.17 ± 24.75 | 103.41 ± 25.43 | 98.75 ± 23.90 |
MPA | 47.86 ± 16.24 | 51.00 ± 17.58 * | 44.33 ± 13.79 |
VPA | 36.92 ± 16.19 | 40.13 ± 16.99 * | 33.89 ± 14.60 |
MVPA | 84.78 ± 29.30 | 91.12 ± 31.02 * | 78.22 ± 26.35 |
TPA | 185.95 ± 48.81 | 194.54 ± 51.30 * | 176.97 ± 45.00 |
Meeting MVPA recommendations (%) | 80.2 | 87 | 72.7 |
Meeting TPA recommendations (%) | 56.2 | 62.3 | 49.3 |
Meeting MVPA and TPA recommendations (%) | 38.1 | 42.1 | 34.4 |
Variable | Total | Boys | Girls |
---|---|---|---|
FAT score | 2.50 ± 0.68 | 2.53 ± 0.72 | 2.47 ± 0.64 |
Friend’s home (0–6 points) | 2.18 ± 1.01 | 2.23 ± 1.09 | 2.14 ± 0.93 |
Parks/lawns (0–6 points) | 2.89 ± 1.01 | 3.00 ± 1.12 * | 2.78 ± 0.88 |
Public transportation stations (0–6 points) | 2.28 ± 1.13 | 2.42 ± 1.25 * | 2.13 ± 0.98 |
Schools (0–6 points) | 3.49 ± 1.79 | 3.42 ± 1.83 | 3.55 ± 1.74 |
Malls (0–6 points) | 2.48 ± 0.95 | 2.45 ± 0.95 | 2.51 ± 0.95 |
Sports venues (e.g., tennis courts, swimming pools, etc.) (0–6 points) | 1.91 ± 0.92 | 1.97 ± 0.97 | 1.84 ± 0.87 |
Other places (please specify) (0–6 points) | 2.18 ± 1.25 | 2.00 ± 0.82 | 2.29 ±1.50 |
Variable | Total | Boys | Girls |
---|---|---|---|
Distance from home to kindergarten (1–4 points) | 1.68 ± 0.79 | 1.69 ± 0.78 | 1.66 ± 0.80 |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance (0.5–5 km) | 1.44 ± 1.00 | 1.52 ± 1.20 | 1.36 ± 0.73 |
Public activity facilities near the community (0–6 points) | 4.83 ± 1.25 | 4.90 ± 1.20 | 4.76 ± 1.29 |
Community transportation environment (1–5 points) | 2.62 ± 0.72 | 2.65 ± 0.75 | 2.59 ± 0.69 |
Community traffic safety (1–5 points) | 3.57 ± 0.93 | 3.57 ± 0.93 | 3.57 ± 0.93 |
Community personal safety (1–5 points) | 3.74 ± 0.85 | 3.75 ± 0.81 | 3.74 ± 0.90 |
Community activity environment (1–5 points) | 2.89 ± 0.74 | 2.94 ± 0.71 | 2.84 ± 0.77 |
Convenience of community activities (1–5 points) | 2.79 ± 0.87 | 2.84 ± 0.89 | 2.76 ± 0.85 |
Variable | LPA | MPA | VPA | MVPA | TPA | FAT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | ||||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | 1.494 (−1.376, 4.364) | 1.299 (−0.296, 2.894) | 0.836 (−1.121, 2.792) | 2.314 (−1.002, 5.629) | 3.492 (−2.003, 8.986) | −0.039 (−0.153, 0.076) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | 0.941 (−1.992, 3.875) | 1.009 (−0.621, 2.639) | 2.682 (0.685, 4.680) * | 3.948 (0.563, 7.332) * | 4.436 (−1.181, 10.052) | 0.007 (−0.118, 0.132) |
Public activity facilities near the community | 0.206 (−1.791, 2.203) | −0.541 (−1.650, 0.569) | 0.551 (−0.812, 1.913) | 0.064 (−2.245, 2.373) | 0.174 (−3.649, 3.998) | 0.099 (0.014, 0.183) * |
Community transportation environment | 4.034 (0.012, 8.056) * | 1.833 (−0.402, 4.068) | 0.650 (−2.095, 3.396) | 2.542 (−2.111, 7.194) | 6.473 (−1.228, 14.173) | −0.111 (−0.270, 0.048) |
Community traffic safety | −1.110 (−4.027, 1.807) | −0.749 (−2.370, 0.872) | −0.037 (−2.029, 1.955) | −0.813 (−4.188, 2.562) | −1.875 (−7.461, 3.711) | −0.052 (−0.168, 0.064) |
Community personal safety | −0.489 (−3.520, 2.543) | 0.217 (−1.468, 1.901) | −0.829 (−2.875, 1.217) | −0.058 (−3.524, 3.408) | −1.525 (−7.330, 4.279) | 0.081 (−0.043, 0.205) |
Community activity environment | −0.529 (−4.537, 3.479) | −0.112 (−2.339, 2.115) | 1.885 (−0.837, 4.606) | 2.270 (−2.342, 6.882) | 0.862 (−6.812, 8.536) | −0.011 (−0.170, 0.148) |
Convenience of community activities | −1.500 (−4.997, 1.998) | −0.194 (−2.137, 1.750) | −1.384 (−3.695, 0.927) | −2.635 (−6.551, 1.280) | −2.266 (−8.963, 4.430) | 0.112 (−0.021, 0.245) |
Boys | ||||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | 0.726 (−3.837, 5.290) | 1.475 (−0.782, 3.731) | 0.693 (−1.921, 3.307) | 2.168 (−2.315, 6.650) | 2.894 (−5.290, 11.078) | 0.021 (−0.165, 0.208) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | 0.641 (−3.738, 5.021) | 0.013 (−2.153, 2.178) | 2.063 (−0.445, 4.572) | 2.076 (−2.225, 6.378) | 2.718 (−5.136, 10.571) | −0.027 (−0.228, 0.174) |
Public activity facilities near the community | 0.017 (−3.379, 3.413) | −0.641 (−2.321, 1.038) | 0.343 (−1.603, 2.288) | −0.299 (−3.635, 3.307) | −0.282 (−6.372, 5.809) | 0.100 (−0.047, 0.247) |
Community transportation environment | 4.002 (−1.932, 9.936) | 0.657 (−2.277, 3.591) | −0.127 (−3.526, 3.272) | 0.530 (−5.299, 6.359) | 4.532 (−6.110, 15.173) | −0.023 (−0.263, 0.217) |
Community traffic safety | −1.035 (−5.592, 3.521) | −0.853 (−3.106, 1.400) | 0.141 (−2.469, 2.751) | −0.712 (−5.188, 3.764) | −1.747 (−9.919, 6.424) | −0.134 (−0.320, 0.052) |
Community personal safety | −0.950 (−5.582, 3.683) | −0.487 (−2.778, 1.803) | −2.199 (−4.852, 0.455) | −2.686 (−7.237, 1.864) | −3.636 (−11.943, 4.672) | 0.022 (−0.185, 0.229) |
Community activity environment | 1.800 (−4.373, 7.974) | 1.566 (−1.487, 4.619) | 2.206 (−1.331, 5.742) | 3.772 (−2.292, 9.836) | 5.572 (−5.499, 16.644) | 0.045 (−0.214, 0.303) |
Convenience of community activities | −1.589 (−7.144, 3.967) | −0.750 (−3.497, 1.997) | −0.619 (−3.801, 2.564) | −1.369 (−6.826, 4.088) | −2.957 (−12.920, 7.005) | 0.190 (−0.033, 0.413) |
Girls | ||||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | 0.544 (−3.269, 4.356) | −0.255 (−2.479, 1.968) | −0.461 (−3.380, 2.458) | −0.128 (−4.872, 4.615) | −0.593 (−7.909, 6.723) | −0.106 (−0.255, 0.043) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | 1.328 (−2.839, 5.495) | 3.261 (0.831, 5.691) * | 4.212 (1.010, 7.415) * | 7.915 (2.711, 13.120) * | 8.486 (0.490, 16.483) * | 0.036 (−0.126, 0.199) |
Public activity facilities near the community | −0.239 (−2.638, 2.159) | −1.085 (−2.484, 0.314) | −0.078 (−1.927, 1.772) | −1.070 (−4.075, 1.935) | −1.469 (−6.072, 3.134) | 0.082 (−0.019, 0.183) |
Community transportation environment | 2.992 (−3.031, 9.015) | 2.761 (−0.751, 6.274) | 0.596 (−4.039, 5.232) | 3.843 (−3.690, 11.376) | 6.003 (−5.555, 17.560) | −0.223 (−0.443, −0.003) * |
Community traffic safety | −0.937 (−4.812, 2.938) | −0.151 (−2.411, 2.108) | −0.060 (−3.044, 2.924) | −0.469 (−5.318, 4.380) | −0.964 (−8.399, 6.472) | 0.050 (−0.098, 0.199) |
Community personal safety | 0.012 (−4.234, 4.258) | 1.753 (−0.723, 4.229) | 0.932 (−2.253, 4.117) | 3.953 (−1.224, 9.129) | 1.791 (−6.357, 9.939) | 0.090 (−0.066, 0.246) |
Community activity environment | −2.891 (−8.239, 2.458) | −2.409 (−5.528, 0.710) | 1.216 (−2.885, 5.317) | −0.457 (−7.121, 6.208) | −4.610 (−14.873, 5.653) | −0.059 (−0.260, 0.142) |
Convenience of community activities | −1.351 (−5.940, 3.237) | 0.178 (−2.498, 2.854) | −1.912 (−5.252, 1.427) | −3.691 (−9.118, 1.736) | −1.688 (−10.494, 7.118) | 0.082 (−0.085, 0.249) |
Variable | LPA | MPA | VPA | MVPA | TPA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | |||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | 1.974 (−0.915, 4.864) | 1.425 (−0.187, 3.036) | 0.814 (−1.195, 2.823) | 2.239 (−1.058, 5.536) | 4.213 (−1.443, 9.869) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | 0.801 (−2.153, 3.755) | 0.741 (−0.906, 2.388) | 2.138 (0.084, 4.192) * | 2.879 (−0.491, 6.249) | 3.680 (−2.102, 9.462) |
Public activity facilities near the community | 0.203 (−1.808, 2.213) | −0.457 (−1.578, 0.665) | 0.343 (−1.055, 1.741) | −0.113 (−2.407, 2.181) | 0.090 (−3.846, 4.025) |
Community transportation environment | 2.985 (−1.065, 7.034) | 1.262 (−0.996, 3.521) | 0.311 (−2.505, 3.127) | 1.574 (−3.047, 6.194) | 4.558 (−3.368, 12.485) |
Community traffic safety | −0.514 (−3.451, 2.424) | −0.169 (−1.807, 1.469) | 0.297 (−1.745, 2.340) | 0.129 (−3.223, 3.480) | −0.385 (−6.135, 5.365) |
Community personal safety | −1.366 (−4.418, 1.687) | −0.360 (−2.062, 1.342) | −1.916 (−4.039, 0.206) | −2.276 (−5.759, 1.207) | −3.642 (−9.617, 2.333) |
Community activity environment | 0.737 (−3.299, 4.772) | 0.783 (−1.468, 3.033) | 2.286 (−0.520, 5.092) | 3.069 (−1.536, 7.673) | 3.805 (−4.094, 11.705) |
Convenience of community activities | −1.717 (−5.239, 1.804) | −0.506 (−2.470, 1.458) | −1.225 (−3.674, 1.224) | −1.731 (−5.750, 2.287) | −3.448 (−10.342, 3.445) |
Boys | |||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | 1.441 (−3.226, 6.108) | 1.796 (−0.613, 4.205) | 1.447 (−1.443, 4.336) | 3.243 (−1.675, 8.160) | 4.683 (−4.080, 13.447) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | −0.148 (−4.627, 4.331) | −0.547 (−2.859, 1.764) | 1.100 (−1.673, 3.873) | 0.553 (−4.166, 5.272) | 0.404 (−8.005, 8.814) |
Public activity facilities near the community | 0.079 (−3.394, 3.553) | −0.614 (−2.406, 1.179) | 0.238 (−1.912, 2.389) | −0.375 (−4.035, 3.284) | −0.296 (−6.818, 6.226) |
Community transportation environment | 3.745 (−2.324, 9.814) | 0.550 (−2.582, 3.682) | 0.026 (−3.732, 3.783) | 0.575 (−5.819, 6.969) | 4.321 (−7.074, 15.715) |
Community traffic safety | −0.897 (−5.557, 3.763) | −0.437 (−2.842, 1.968) | 0.216 (−2.669, 3.101) | −0.221 (−5.131, 4.689) | −1.118 (−9.868, 7.632) |
Community personal safety | −2.306 (−7.044, 2.432) | −1.205 (−3.650, 1.241) | −3.012 (−5.946, −0.079) * | −4.217 (−9.209, 0.775) | −6.523 (−15.419, 2.373) |
Community activity environment | 3.629 (−2.684, 9.943) | 2.549 (−0.710, 5.808) | 2.978 (−0.932, 6.887) | 5.527 (−1.126, 12.179) | 9.156 (−2.699, 21.011) |
Convenience of community activities | −1.340 (−7.021, 4.342) | −0.815 (−3.747, 2.118) | −0.763 (−4.280, 2.755) | −1.577 (−7.564, 4.409) | −2.917 (−13.585, 7.751) |
Girls | |||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | 0.750 (−3.008, 4.508) | −0.279 (−2.414, 1.857) | −1.408 (−4.273, 1.456) | −1.687 (−6.002, 2.628) | −0.937 (−8.203, 6.329) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | 1.635 (−2.472, 5.742) | 3.062 (0.728, 5.396) * | 4.075 (0.944, 7.206) * | 7.137 (2.420, 11.853) * | 8.772 (0.830, 16.714) * |
Public activity facilities near the community | −0.179 (−2.544, 2.185) | −0.874 (−2.218, 0.469) | −0.353 (−2.156, 1.449) | −1.227 (−3.943, 1.488) | −1.407 (−5.979, 3.165) |
Community transportation environment | 1.656 (−4.280, 7.593) | 1.934 (−1.439, 5.307) | −0.341 (−4.886, 4.185) | 1.594 (−5.223, 8.410) | 3.250 (−8.229, 14.729) |
Community traffic safety | 0.484 (−3.336, 4.303) | 0.747 (−1.423, 2.917) | 0.971 (−1.941, 3.882) | 1.718 (−2.668, 6.103) | 2.201 (−5.184, 9.586) |
Community personal safety | 0.278 (−3.907, 4.463) | 1.607 (−0.771, 3.985) | −0.162 (−3.352, 3.028) | 1.445 (−3.360, 6.251) | 1.724 (−6.368, 9.816) |
Community activity environment | −2.997 (−6.326, 2.720) | −2.016 (−5.011, 0.979) | 0.984 (−3.034, 5.003) | −1.032 (−7.085, 5.022) | −4.028 (−14.221, 6.165) |
Convenience of community activities | −1.803 (−6.326, 2.720) | −0.205 (−2.775, 2.365) | −1.345 (−4.793, 2.103) | −1.550 (−6.744, 3.644) | −3.353 (−12.099, 5.392) |
Variable | LPA | MPA | VPA | MVPA | TPA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | |||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | 0.220 (−4.331, 4.772) | 1.087 (−1.676, 3.850) | 0.333 (−2.564, 3.2230) | 1.420 (−3.836, 6.675) | 1.640 (−7.384, 10.664) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | 2.633 (−2.020, 7.286) | 2.295 (−0.529, 5.120) | 4.007 (1.045, 6.968) * | 6.302 (0.930, 11.674) * | 8.935 (−0.290, 18.159) |
Public activity facilities near the community | 0.464 (−2.703, 3.631) | −0.655 (−2.577, 1.268) | 0.987 (−1.029, 3.003) | 0.332 (−3.324, 3.989) | 0.797 (−5.482, 7.076) |
Community transportation environment | 8.278 (1.900, 14.657) * | 4.485 (0.613, 8.357) * | 2.014 (−2.046, 6.074) | 6.499 (−0.867, 13.864) | 14.777 (2.130, 27.424) * |
Community traffic safety | −2.391 (−7.018, 2.236) | −2.439 (−5.248, 0.370) | −0.743 (−3.688, 2.203) | −3.181 (−8.524, 2.161) | −5.572 (−14.746, 3.602) |
Community personal safety | 2.332 (−2.476, 7.140) | 1.692 (−1.227, 4.611) | 0.401 (−2.660, 3.461) | 2.093 (−3.459, 7.644) | 4.425 (−5.108, 13.958) |
Community activity environment | −4.640 (−10.997, 1.717) | −2.442 (−6.301, 1.416) | −0.412 (−4.458, 3.634) | −2.854 (−10.194, 4.486) | −7.495 (−20.098, 5.109) |
Convenience of community activities | −2.246 (−7.793, 3.301) | 0.206 (−3.162, 3.573) | 0.876 (−2.655, 4.407) | 1.082 (−5.324, 7.487) | −1.165 (−12.163, 9.834) |
Boys | |||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | −1.726 (−8.639, 5.186) | 0.428 (−3.705, 4.562) | −1.539 (−5.472, 2.393) | −1.111 (−8.539, 6.317) | −2.837 (−16.068, 10.394) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | 4.554 (−2.079, 11.188) | 2.413 (−1.554, 6.381) | 5.120 (1.346, 8.894) * | 7.533 (0.405, 14.662) * | 12.088 (−0.610, 24.785) |
Public activity facilities near the community | −0.594 (−5.739, 4.550) | −1.327 (−4.404, 1.749) | 0.382 (−2.544, 3.309) | −0.945 (−6.473, 4.583) | −1.539 (−11.387, 8.308) |
Community transportation environment | 5.195 (−3.793, 14.183) | 1.562 (−3.814, 6.937) | −0.153 (−5.266, 4.960) | 1.409 (−8.251, 11.068) | 6.603 (−10.601, 23.808) |
Community traffic safety | −1.200 (−8.102, 5.702) | −2.777 (−6.904, 1.351) | −0.104 (−4.031, 3.822) | −2.881 (−10.298, 4.536) | −4.081 (−17.292, 9.130) |
Community personal safety | 2.480 (−4.537, 9.497) | 1.352 (−2.845, 5.548) | −0.540 (−4.532, 3.452) | 0.811 (−6.730, 8.352) | 3.291 (−10.140, 16.723) |
Community activity environment | −2.877 (−12.229, 6.474) | −0.577 (−6.170, 5.015) | 0.887 (−4.433, 6.207) | 0.310 (−9.740, 10.359) | −2.568 (−20.467, 15.332) |
Convenience of community activities | −4.804 (−13.219, 3.611) | −2.347 (−7.379, 2.686) | −1.542 (−6.329, 3.245) | −3.889 (−12.932, 5.154) | −8.693 (−24.800, 7.415) |
Girls | |||||
Distance from home to kindergarten | 0.747 (−5.798, 7.293) | 0.038 (−3.777, 3.852) | 0.858 (−3.600, 5.317) | 0.896 (−6.755, 8.547) | 1.643 (−11.212, 14.498) |
Parental perception of appropriate walking distance | 2.194 (−4.960, 9.348) | 4.808 (0.639, 8.977) * | 4.845 (−0.028, 9.718) | 9.653 (1.291, 18.016) * | 11.847 (−2.203, 25.898) |
Public activity facilities near the community | 0.441 (−3.677, 4.560) | −1.187 (−3.587, 1.213) | 0.670 (−2.135, 3.476) | −0.517 (−5.331, 4.298) | −0.075 (−8.164, 8.013) |
Community transportation environment | 9.421 (−0.919, 19.761) | 5.699 (−0.326, 11.725) | 2.722 (−4.321, 9.765) | 8.422 (−3.665, 20.508) | 17.842 (−2.465, 38.150) |
Community traffic safety | −4.357 (−11.009, 2.295) | −1.809 (−5.685, 2.068) | −1.692 (−6.223, 2.839) | −3.501 (−11.277, 4.275) | −7.858 (−20.923, 5.207) |
Community personal safety | 0.324 (−6.965, 7.613) | 2.017 (−2.231, 6.264) | 0.781 (−4.185, 5.746) | 2.797 (−5.724, 11.318) | 3.121 (−11.195, 17.438) |
Community activity environment | −3.876 (−13.057, 5.306) | −3.676 (−9.027, 1.674) | −0.225 (−6.479, 6.029) | −3.901 (−14.635, 6.832) | −7.777 (−25.810, 10.256) |
Convenience of community activities | −1.095 (−8.973, 6.783) | 2.031 (−2.560, 6.622) | 2.127 (−3.240, 7.493) | 4.157 (−5.052, 13.367) | 3.063 (−12.410, 18.535) |
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Wang, Y.; He, G.; Ma, K.; Li, D.; Wang, C. Preschool Children’s Physical Activity and Community Environment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Two Cities in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14797. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214797
Wang Y, He G, Ma K, Li D, Wang C. Preschool Children’s Physical Activity and Community Environment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Two Cities in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):14797. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214797
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yu, Gang He, Kaiyue Ma, Dongsheng Li, and Chao Wang. 2022. "Preschool Children’s Physical Activity and Community Environment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Two Cities in China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 14797. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214797