Factors Associated with Mortality with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Indigenous Populations in Peru 2015–2019
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mortality Rate | Indigenous Population (2017 Census) | Indigenous Deceased by TB | Total Indigenous d. w/TB | Mortality% by TB | Mortality Rate by TB (100,000 Inhab). |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
General | 5,771,885 | 101 | 1773 | 5.7% | 1.75 |
Male | 2,801,412 | 76 | 1087 | 7.0% | 2.71 |
Female | 2,970,473 | 25 | 686 | 3.6% | 0.84 |
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics | Description | Summary Measure | |
---|---|---|---|
n: 1773 | % | ||
Gender | Female | 686 | 38.7 |
Male | 1.087 | 61.3 | |
Age (years) | Median (IQR 1) | 41 (26–55) | |
Life cycle stage | Childhood/adolescence: (1 to 18 years) | 140 | 8 |
Youth: (>18 to 26 years) | 327 | 18.4 | |
Adulthood: (>26 to 59 years) | 940 | 53 | |
Old age: (>59 years old) | 366 | 20.6 | |
Ethnic affiliation | Kukama Kukamiria-Yagua | 505 | 28.48 |
Shipibo-Konibo | 385 | 21.71 | |
Ashaninka | 298 | 16.8 | |
Kichwa | 117 | 6.6 | |
Kukama Kukamiria | 109 | 6.15 | |
Ticuna | 52 | 2.93 | |
Shawi | 47 | 2.65 | |
Harakbut | 37 | 2.09 | |
Kakataibo | 36 | 2.03 | |
Bora | 35 | 1.97 | |
AWAJÚN | 33 | 1.9 | |
Matsigenka | 32 | 1.8 | |
Achuar | 18 | 1.02 | |
Yagua | 18 | 1.02 | |
Wampis | 16 | 0.9 | |
Mestizo | 14 | 0.79 | |
Quechua | 12 | 0.68 | |
Kandozi | 4 | 0.23 | |
Sharanahua | 3 | 0.17 | |
Madija | 2 | 0.11 | |
Location | Extrapulmonary | 176 | 9.9 |
Pulmonary | 1597 | 90.1 | |
Admission status | New | 1631 | 91.99 |
Relapsed | 78 | 4.40 | |
Dropout recovered | 61 | 3.44 | |
Failure | 3 | 0.17 | |
Discharge status | Cured | 959 | 54.1 |
Complete treatment | 376 | 21.2 | |
Dropout | 158 | 8.9 | |
Deceased | 101 | 5.7 | |
Failure | 5 | 0.28 | |
No answer | 174 | 9.8 | |
Comorbidities and risk factors | |||
HIV | Positive | 126 | 7.47 |
Diabetes | Yes | 170 | 11.1 |
Alcoholism | Yes | 96 | 5.42 |
Smoking | Yes | 74 | 4.2 |
Drug addiction | Yes | 44 | 2.5 |
Treatment regimen 2 | 2HREZ/4(HR)3 | 1629 | 91.9 |
2HREZ/10HR | 43 | 2.4 | |
2HREZ/7HR | 101 | 5.7 |
Characteristics | Deceased (101) | Alive (104) | OR (Crude) | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female * | 25 (24.75) | 43 (41.35) | 1 | 0.012 | ||
Male | 76 (75.25) | 61 (58.65) | 2.14 | 1.8 | 3.9 | ||
Life cycle stage | Childhood/ adolescence * | 4 (3.96) | 10 (9.6) | 1 | |||
Youth | 15 (14.8) | 21 (20.2) | 1.78 | 0.47 | 6.8 | 0.395 | |
Adulthood | 48 (47.5) | 50 (48.1) | 2.4 | 0.7 | 8.2 | 0.16 | |
Old age | 34 (33.7) | 23 (22.1) | 3.7 | 1.03 | 13.2 | 0.044 | |
Location of TB | Extrapulmonary * | 16 (15.84) | 11 (10.58) | 1 | |||
Pulmonary | 85 (84.16) | 93 (89.42) | 0.63 | 0.28 | 1.43 | 0.27 | |
HIV history prior to TB | No * | 72 (72.73) | 101 (97.12) | 1 | |||
Yes | 27 (27.27) | 3 (2.88) | 12.6 | 3.7 | 43.2 | 0.000 | |
DM history prior to TB | No * | 90 (94.74) | 96 (96) | 1 | |||
Yes | 5 (5.26) | 4 (4) | 1.33 | 0.35 | 5.1 | 0.67 | |
Diagnosis of DM with glycemia test | Negative * | 71 (88.75) | 81 (87.10) | 1 | 0.74 | ||
Positive | 9 (11.25) | 12 (12.90) | 0.86 | 0.34 | 2.1 | ||
Alcoholism | No * | 91 (90.1) | 98 (94.23) | 1 | 0.28 | ||
Yes | 10 (9.9) | 6 (5.77) | 1.8 | 0.63 | 5.1 | ||
Smoking | No * | 97 (96.04) | 101 (97.12) | 1 | |||
Yes | 4 (3.96) | 3 (2.88) | 1.4 | 0.3 | 6.4 | 0.67 | |
Drug addiction | No * | 100 (99.01) | 103 (99.04) | 1 | 0.98 | ||
Yes | 1 (0.99) | 1 (0.96) | 1.03 | 0.06 | 16.7 |
Characteristics | Deceased (101) | Alive (104) | OR (Crude) | 95% CI | OR (Adjusted) | 95% CI | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female * | 25 (24.75) | 43 (41.35) | 1 | 1 | 0.047 | ||||
Male | 76 (75.25) | 61 (58.65) | 2.14 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 1.94 | 1.001 | 3.7 | ||
Life cycle stage | Childhood/ Adolescence * | 4 (3.96) | 10 (9.6) | 1 | 0.001 | |||||
Old age | 34 (33.7) | 23 (22.1) | 3.7 | 1.03 | 13.2 | 2.95 | 1.5 | 5.7 | ||
VIH history prior to TB | No * | 72 (72.73) | 101 (97.12) | 1 | 1 | 0.000 | ||||
Yes | 27 (27.27) | 3 (2.88) | 12.6 | 3.7 | 43.2 | 16.7 | 4.7 | 58.7 | ||
Comparison of logistic regression models | Likelihood | p-value | ||||||||
Saturated Model (5 covariates) | −119.867 | 0.9846 | ||||||||
Adjusted Model (3 covariates) | −120.054 | |||||||||
Hosmer–Lemeshow’s goodness-of-fit test | X2: 0.21 | 0.9949 |
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León-Giraldo, H.; Rivera-Lozada, O.; Castro-Alzate, E.S.; Aylas-Salcedo, R.; Pacheco-López, R.; Bonilla-Asalde, C.A. Factors Associated with Mortality with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Indigenous Populations in Peru 2015–2019. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215019
León-Giraldo H, Rivera-Lozada O, Castro-Alzate ES, Aylas-Salcedo R, Pacheco-López R, Bonilla-Asalde CA. Factors Associated with Mortality with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Indigenous Populations in Peru 2015–2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):15019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215019
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeón-Giraldo, Hoover, Oriana Rivera-Lozada, Elvis Siprian Castro-Alzate, Rula Aylas-Salcedo, Robinson Pacheco-López, and César Antonio Bonilla-Asalde. 2022. "Factors Associated with Mortality with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Indigenous Populations in Peru 2015–2019" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 15019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215019