Can Nutritional Status in Adults Be Influenced by Health Locus of Control?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Health Locus of Control and BMI
3.2. Health Locus of Control and Visceral Obesity
3.3. Univariable and Multivariable Ordinal Logistic Regression for Overweight and Obesity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Normal Weight N = 347 | Overweight N = 221 | Obesity N = 176 | p for Trend | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age [years] | 32 ± 10 | 36 ± 17 | 43 ± 13 | <0.001 |
• Women | 33 ± 11 | 40 ± 11 | 45 ± 12 | <0.001 |
• Men | 29 ± 9 | 33 ± 12 | 41 ± 14 | <0.001 |
Higher education [N; %] | 142; 41.2 | 49; 22.3 | 30; 17.3 | <0.001 |
• Women | 97; 41.1 | 22; 20.4 | 16; 15.1 | <0.001 |
• Men | 45; 41.3 | 27; 24.1 | 14; 20.9 | <0.01 |
Marital status—living alone [N; %] | 203; 60.2 | 89; 42.2 | 57; 34.1 | <0.001 |
• Women | 119; 52.2 | 33; 32.3 | 32; 31.4 | <0.001 |
• Men | 84; 77.1 | 56; 51.4 | 25; 38.5 | <0.001 |
Alcohol consumption [N; %] | 248; 71.5 | 160; 72.4 | 113; 64.2 | 0.13 |
• Women | 151; 64.0 | 61; 56.5 | 58; 53.7 | 0.06 |
• Men | 97; 87.4 | 99; 87.6 | 55; 80.9 | 0.27 |
Smoking [N; %] | 157; 45.2 | 125; 56.6 | 107; 60.8 | <0.001 |
• Women | 98; 41.5 | 55; 50.9 | 62; 57.4 | <0.01 |
• Men | 59; 53.1 | 70; 62.0 | 45; 66.2 | 0.07 |
Active in sport [N; %] | 114; 32.8 | 64; 29.0 | 47; 26.7 | 0.13 |
• Women | 67; 28.4 | 22; 20.4 | 25; 23.1 | 0.20 |
• Men | 47; 42.3 | 42; 37.2 | 22; 32.4 | 0.22 |
Women | Men | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable | OR | −95% CI | +95% CI | z | p | OR | −95% CI | +95% CI | z | p |
Age [each 5 years] | 1.42 | 1.31 | 1.54 | 8.39 | <0.001 | 1.33 | 1.21 | 1.46 | 5.99 | <0.001 |
Higher education | 1.40 | 0.94 | 2.08 | 1.67 | 0.10 | 1.19 | 0.75 | 1.88 | 0.75 | 0.46 |
Marital status—living alone | 0.91 | 0.64 | 1.31 | −0.49 | 0.62 | 0.84 | 0.55 | 1.29 | −0.79 | 0.43 |
Smoking | 0.84 | 0.59 | 1.19 | −0.99 | 0.32 | 1.32 | 0.86 | 2.03 | 1.28 | 0.20 |
Alcohol consumption | 0.70 | 0.49 | 1.00 | −1.96 | 0.05 | 0.71 | 0.38 | 1.33 | −1.07 | 0.29 |
Active in sport | 0.74 | 0.49 | 1.12 | −1.40 | 0.16 | 0.74 | 0.47 | 1.14 | −1.35 | 0.18 |
Internal HLC [high] | 0.91 | 0.64 | 1.30 | −0.50 | 0.62 | 1.11 | 0.72 | 1.72 | 0.47 | 0.64 |
External HLC with the impact of others [high] | 1.80 | 1.26 | 2.56 | 3.25 | <0.01 | 1.86 | 1.20 | 2.88 | 2.80 | <0.01 |
External HLC with the impact of chance [high] | 1.59 | 1.10 | 2.22 | 2.47 | <0.05 | 1.01 | 0.65 | 1.57 | 0.05 | 0.96 |
Multivariable | OR | −95% CI | +95% CI | z | p | OR | −95% CI | +95% CI | z | P |
Age [each 5 years] | 1.40 | 1.29 | 1.52 | 8.02 | <0.001 | 1.32 | 1.20 | 1.46 | 5.78 | <0.001 |
External HLC with the impact of others [high] | 1.53 | 1.06 | 2.22 | 2.26 | 0.05 | 1.61 | 1.02 | 2.53 | 2.05 | <0.05 |
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Gruszka, W.; Owczarek, A.J.; Glinianowicz, M.; Bąk-Sosnowska, M.; Chudek, J.; Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M. Can Nutritional Status in Adults Be Influenced by Health Locus of Control? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315513
Gruszka W, Owczarek AJ, Glinianowicz M, Bąk-Sosnowska M, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Can Nutritional Status in Adults Be Influenced by Health Locus of Control? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):15513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315513
Chicago/Turabian StyleGruszka, Wojciech, Aleksander J. Owczarek, Mateusz Glinianowicz, Monika Bąk-Sosnowska, Jerzy Chudek, and Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz. 2022. "Can Nutritional Status in Adults Be Influenced by Health Locus of Control?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 15513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315513