Parent–Child Relationships, Digital Media Use and Parents’ Well-Being during COVID-19 Home Confinement: The Role of Family Resilience
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Parent–Child Relationships and Parents’ Well-Being during COVID-19 Home Confinement
1.2. COVID-19 Contextual Factors: Digital Media and Family Conflict during Home Confinement
1.3. COVID-19 and Family Resilience
1.4. Aims of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Context and Procedures for Data Collection
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.4. Data Analysis Overview
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Hierarchical Regression
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Sample | N | M (SD) | df | F | p | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age of children | Total | 568 | 11.63 (5.40) | 1 | 89.70 | <0.001 | 0.14 |
Irish | 203 | 8.96 (4.96) | |||||
Italian | 365 | 13.12 (5.05) | |||||
Number of children | Total | 573 | 2.02 (0.88) | 1 | 3.99 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
Irish | 206 | 2.12 (1.00) | |||||
Italian | 367 | 1.96 (0.79) | |||||
Family Resilience | Total | 579 | 3.60 (0.55) | 1 | 34.43 | <0.001 | 0.06 |
Irish | 206 | 3.77 (0.61) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 3.50 (0.48) | |||||
Device usage: | |||||||
Smartphone | Total | 579 | 4.38 (0.75) | 1 | 8.55 | <0.01 | 0.02 |
Irish | 206 | 4.50 (0.70) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 4.32 (0.77) | |||||
Computer | Total | 579 | 4.05 (1.07) | 1 | 2.73 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
Irish | 206 | 4.15 (1.14) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 3.99 (1.03) | |||||
TV | Total | 579 | 3.52 (1.04) | 1 | 1.34 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
Irish | 206 | 3.59 (1.26) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 3.48 (0.90) | |||||
Tablet | Total | 579 | 2.68 (1.44) | 1 | 3.37 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
Irish | 206 | 2.83 (1.47) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 2.60 (1.43) | |||||
Parental couple conflict over digital media | Total | 579 | 1.78 (1.75) | 1 | 18.53 | <0.001 | 0.03 |
Irish | 206 | 1.96 (0.82) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 1.68 (0.69) | |||||
Parent–child conflict over digital media | Total | 579 | 2.59 (0.92) | 1 | 2.54 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Irish | 206 | 2.68 (0.97) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 2.54 (0.88) | |||||
Parents’ domestic workload: | |||||||
Domestic activities | Total | 579 | 5.20 (4.74) | 1 | 13.13 | <0.001 | 0.02 |
Irish | 206 | 4.25 (2.91) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 5.73 (5.43) | |||||
Playing with children | Total | 579 | 3.83 (4.52) | 1 | 3.66 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Irish | 206 | 3.35 (3.37) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 4.10 (5.03) | |||||
Helping children with homework | Total | 579 | 3.37 (4.77) | 1 | 24.19 | <0.001 | 0.04 |
Irish | 206 | 2.08 (2.86) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 4.08 (5.43) | |||||
Parents’ well-being | Total | 579 | 3.42 (0.56) | 1 | 9.98 | 0.002 | 0.02 |
Irish | 206 | 3.32 (0.61) | |||||
Italian | 373 | 3.48 (0.52) |
Step | Predictor | B | SE | β | R2 (Adjusted) | R2 Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.02 ** (p = 0.001) | |||||
Age of children | 0.01 | 0.004 | 0.1 ** (p = 0.04) | |||
Country of residence | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.09 ** (p = 0.03) | |||
Number of children | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||
2 | 0.38 * | 0.36 * | ||||
Age of children | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.09 ** (p = 0.01) | |||
Country of residence | 0.29 | 0.04 | 0.24 * | |||
Number of children | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.02 (ns) | |||
Family resilience | 0.62 | 0.04 | 0.62 * | |||
3 | 0.39 * | 0.02 ** (p = 0.002) | ||||
Age of children | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.08 ** (p = 0.02) | |||
Country of residence | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.22 * | |||
Number of children | −0.02 | 0.03 | −0.02 (ns) | |||
Family resilience | 0.62 | 0.04 | 0.60 * | |||
Digital media use | −0.001 | 0.02 | −0.001 (ns) | |||
Parental couple conflict | −0.10 | 0.03 | 0.14 * | |||
Parent–child conflict | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 (ns) | |||
Parents’ domestic workload (h) | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.009 (ns) |
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Everri, M.; Messena, M.; Nearchou, F.; Fruggeri, L. Parent–Child Relationships, Digital Media Use and Parents’ Well-Being during COVID-19 Home Confinement: The Role of Family Resilience. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315687
Everri M, Messena M, Nearchou F, Fruggeri L. Parent–Child Relationships, Digital Media Use and Parents’ Well-Being during COVID-19 Home Confinement: The Role of Family Resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):15687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315687
Chicago/Turabian StyleEverri, Marina, Mattia Messena, Finiki Nearchou, and Laura Fruggeri. 2022. "Parent–Child Relationships, Digital Media Use and Parents’ Well-Being during COVID-19 Home Confinement: The Role of Family Resilience" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 15687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315687