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Volume 19
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Article

You Do Not Have to Get through This Alone: Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Psychosocial Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic across Four Countries

by
Olenka Dworakowski
1,2,*,
Zilla M. Huber
1,2,
Tabea Meier
3,
Ryan L. Boyd
4,
Mike Martin
1,2,5 and
Andrea B. Horn
1,2,5
1
URPP “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
2
Department of Psychology—Gerontopsychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
3
School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
4
Independent Researcher, Washington, DC 20036, USA
5
Competence Center Gerontology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15699; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315699
Submission received: 11 October 2022 / Revised: 8 November 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 25 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotion Regulation and COVID-Related Stress Management)
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Abstract

While experiencing the unpredictable events of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are likely to turn to people in order to regulate our emotions. In this research, we investigate how this interpersonal emotion regulation is connected to affective symptoms, above and beyond intrapersonal emotion regulation. Furthermore, we explore whether perceived psychosocial resources moderate these associations, i.e., if individuals reporting healthier social connections benefit differently from interpersonal emotion regulation. N = 1401 participants from the USA, UK, Germany, and Switzerland completed an online survey that included text samples. Affective symptoms (depression, adjustment disorder, fear of COVID-19) were examined based on self-reported as well as language-based indicators. As psychosocial resources, we examined social support, loneliness, attachment style, and trust. We defined latent variables for adaptive and maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation and analyzed how they were associated with affective symptoms controlling for intrapersonal emotion regulation. Further, we analyzed how they interacted with psychosocial resources. Maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation strategies were associated with affective symptoms. With lower psychosocial resources, the associations between interpersonal emotion regulation and depressive symptoms were more pronounced. The results highlight that maladaptive interpersonal emotion regulation is associated with worse mental health. These effects are not buffered by more psychosocial resources and are stronger for people with low psychosocial resources.
Keywords: interpersonal emotion regulation; COVID-19; mental health; psychosocial resources interpersonal emotion regulation; COVID-19; mental health; psychosocial resources

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dworakowski, O.; Huber, Z.M.; Meier, T.; Boyd, R.L.; Martin, M.; Horn, A.B. You Do Not Have to Get through This Alone: Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Psychosocial Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic across Four Countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15699. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315699

AMA Style

Dworakowski O, Huber ZM, Meier T, Boyd RL, Martin M, Horn AB. You Do Not Have to Get through This Alone: Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Psychosocial Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic across Four Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):15699. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315699

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dworakowski, Olenka, Zilla M. Huber, Tabea Meier, Ryan L. Boyd, Mike Martin, and Andrea B. Horn. 2022. "You Do Not Have to Get through This Alone: Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Psychosocial Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic across Four Countries" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 15699. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315699

APA Style

Dworakowski, O., Huber, Z. M., Meier, T., Boyd, R. L., Martin, M., & Horn, A. B. (2022). You Do Not Have to Get through This Alone: Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Psychosocial Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic across Four Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 15699. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315699

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