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Volume 19
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10.3390/ijerph192315720
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Article

The Risk Factors for Radiolucent Nephrolithiasis among Workers in High-Temperature Workplaces in the Steel Industry

by
I-Cheng Lu
1,
Chen-Cheng Yang
2,
Chi-Hsien Huang
3,
Szu-Ying Chen
1,
Chi-Wei Lin
3,
Chia-Hsiang Lin
4 and
Hung-Yi Chuang
5,6,*
1
Department of Occupational Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
2
Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan
3
Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
4
Department of Urology Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
5
Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, and Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
6
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15720; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315720
Submission received: 21 October 2022 / Revised: 23 November 2022 / Accepted: 24 November 2022 / Published: 25 November 2022
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Abstract

Workers in high-temperature workplaces with inadequate water supply may exhibit symptoms of chronic dehydration and have increased risk of nephrolithiasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of radiolucent stone formation among workers in a high-temperature workplace and the related risk factors associated with the condition. We collected data from 1681 workers in a steel factory in Southern Taiwan who underwent regular health examinations. Radiolucent stones were defined as positive findings on ultrasound with negative radiographic images. The prevalences of nephrolithiasis and radiolucent stones in this study were 12.0% and 5.1%, respectively. Heat exposure and age were two major risk factors influencing the probability of radiolucent stones. We combined the age and heat exposure into four groups (over and under 35 years of age with and without heat exposure) in a logistic regression. For workers younger than 35 years, the odds ratio of radiolucent stones was 2.695 (95% confidence interval: 1.201–6.049) in workers with heat exposure compared to workers without. Our investigation further demonstrated that heat exposure was a main risk factor for radiolucent stone formation. In conclusion, our identification of heat exposure as an independent factor for radiolucent stone development in steel workers highlights the need for attention to be paid to those working in similar environments.
Keywords: radiolucent stones; heat exposure; high-temperature workplace; steel worker radiolucent stones; heat exposure; high-temperature workplace; steel worker

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Lu, I.-C.; Yang, C.-C.; Huang, C.-H.; Chen, S.-Y.; Lin, C.-W.; Lin, C.-H.; Chuang, H.-Y. The Risk Factors for Radiolucent Nephrolithiasis among Workers in High-Temperature Workplaces in the Steel Industry. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315720

AMA Style

Lu I-C, Yang C-C, Huang C-H, Chen S-Y, Lin C-W, Lin C-H, Chuang H-Y. The Risk Factors for Radiolucent Nephrolithiasis among Workers in High-Temperature Workplaces in the Steel Industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):15720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315720

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lu, I-Cheng, Chen-Cheng Yang, Chi-Hsien Huang, Szu-Ying Chen, Chi-Wei Lin, Chia-Hsiang Lin, and Hung-Yi Chuang. 2022. "The Risk Factors for Radiolucent Nephrolithiasis among Workers in High-Temperature Workplaces in the Steel Industry" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 15720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315720

APA Style

Lu, I.-C., Yang, C.-C., Huang, C.-H., Chen, S.-Y., Lin, C.-W., Lin, C.-H., & Chuang, H.-Y. (2022). The Risk Factors for Radiolucent Nephrolithiasis among Workers in High-Temperature Workplaces in the Steel Industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 15720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315720

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