Deferral of Non-Emergency Cardiovascular Interventions Triggers Increased Cardiac Emergency Admissions—Analysis of the COVID-19 Related Lockdown
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Comparison of Non-Emergency Admission Numbers Peri-Lockdown
4.2. Comparison of Emergency Admission Numbers Peri-Lockdown
4.3. Invasive Cardiac Procedures
Post-Lockdown Period 2020 | Control Period 2019 | |
---|---|---|
20 April–30 June | 20 April–30 June | |
Total admissions | 15.7 ± 8.6 | |
N per day | 18.3 ± 8.1 | |
p value | 0.055 | |
Emergency admissions | ||
N per day | 10.2 ± 3.8 | 6.9 ± 2.8 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 1.47 (1.31–1.65) | |
p value | <0.001 | |
Non-emergency admissions | ||
N per day | 11.6 ± 4.3 | 12.9 ± 5.5 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | |
p value | 0.107 | |
Total cardiac invasive procedures | 17.6 ± 10.6 | |
N per day | 20.2 ± 10.7 | |
p value | 0.149 | |
Coronary angiography | 6.8 ± 3.8 | |
N per day | 7.4 ± 3.9 | |
p value | 0.914 | |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 5.0 ± 3.1 | |
N per day | 4.9 ± 2.9 | |
p value | 0.914 | |
Electrophysiological procedure | 4.8 ± 2.9 | |
N per day | 7.1 ± 2.9 | |
p value | <0.001 | |
Valve interventions | 3.1 ± 2.2 | |
N per day | 3.0 ± 2.0 | |
p value | 0.852 | |
Device implantation | 1.3 ± 1.1 | |
N per day | 1.8 ± 1.9 | |
p value | 0.628 |
4.4. Comparison of Emergency and Non-Emergency Admission Numbers between 2019 and 2022
5. Discussion
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | |||
---|---|---|---|
2019 | 2020 | ||
N per Day | N per Day | p-Value | |
Type of admission | |||
Total admissions | 15.9 ± 8.6 | 16.22 ± 8.5 | 0.598 |
Non-emergency admissions | 13.1 ± 4.7 | 10.7 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
Emergency admissions | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 8.7 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
Total invasive cardiac procedures | 17.1 ± 9.7 | 18.1 ± 10.6 | 0.394 |
Coronary angiography | 6.5 ± 3.6 | 6.76 ± 4.0 | 0.670 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 4.5 ± 2.9 | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 0.901 |
Electrophysiological procedure | 4.9 ± 2.6 | 5.9 ± 3.5 | 0.013 |
Valve intervention | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 0.968 |
Device implantation | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 0.830 |
Lockdown Period 2020 | Control Period 2019 | |
---|---|---|
20 March–19 April | 20 March–19 April | |
Total admissions | ||
N per day | 8.3 ± 4.7 | 16.2 ± 7.8 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 0.61 (0.53–0.7) | |
p value | 0.03 | |
Emergency admissions | ||
N per day | 6.7 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 2.9 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) | |
p value | 0.379 | |
Non-emergency admissions | ||
N per day | 2.4 ± 2.8 | 13.4 ± 4.1 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 0.18 (0.14–0.24) | |
p value | <0.001 | |
Total cardiac invasive procedures | ||
N per day | 9.9 ± 6.1 | 17.4 ± 8.9 |
p value | <0.001 | |
Coronary angiography | ||
N per day | 3.7 ± 3.2 | 6.4 ± 3.2 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 0.61 (0.47–0.8) | |
p value | <0.001 | |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | ||
N per day | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 2.7 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 0.61 (0.47–0.8) | |
p value | <0.001 | |
Electrophysiological procedure | ||
N per day | 3.2 ± 3.5 | 5.1 ± 2.3 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 0.6 (0.45–0.81) | |
p value | <0.001 | |
Heart valve intervention | ||
N per day | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.6 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 0.57 (0.36–0.89) | |
p value | 0.014 | |
Device implantation | ||
N per day | 1.5 ± 1.6 | 1.9 ± 1.2 |
IRR (95%-CI) | 0.7 (0.43–1.14) | |
p value | 0.146 |
Year | |||
---|---|---|---|
2019 | 2022 | ||
N per Day | N per Day | p-Value | |
Type of admission | |||
Total admissions | 15.9 ± 8.6 | 16.3 ± 8.0 | 0.656 |
Non-emergency admissions | 13.1 ± 4.7 | 12.9 ± 4.4 | 0.661 |
Emergency admissions | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 7.2 ± 2.5 | 0.220 |
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Felbel, D.; d’Almeida, S.; Rattka, M.; Andreß, S.; Reischmann, K.; Mayer, B.; Imhof, A.; Buckert, D.; Rottbauer, W.; Markovic, S.; et al. Deferral of Non-Emergency Cardiovascular Interventions Triggers Increased Cardiac Emergency Admissions—Analysis of the COVID-19 Related Lockdown. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416579
Felbel D, d’Almeida S, Rattka M, Andreß S, Reischmann K, Mayer B, Imhof A, Buckert D, Rottbauer W, Markovic S, et al. Deferral of Non-Emergency Cardiovascular Interventions Triggers Increased Cardiac Emergency Admissions—Analysis of the COVID-19 Related Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(24):16579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416579
Chicago/Turabian StyleFelbel, Dominik, Sascha d’Almeida, Manuel Rattka, Stefanie Andreß, Kathrin Reischmann, Benjamin Mayer, Armin Imhof, Dominik Buckert, Wolfgang Rottbauer, Sinisa Markovic, and et al. 2022. "Deferral of Non-Emergency Cardiovascular Interventions Triggers Increased Cardiac Emergency Admissions—Analysis of the COVID-19 Related Lockdown" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24: 16579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416579