Acculturation, Adaptation, and Health among Croatian Migrants in Austria and Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Data
3.2. Acculturation and Adaptation
3.3. Perceived Health and Quality of Life
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Austria | Ireland | ||
---|---|---|---|
20–31 years | Female | 33 (64.7%) | 28 (57.1%) |
Male | 18 (35.3%) | 21 (42.9%) | |
Total | 51 | 49 | |
32–44 years | Female | 22 (52.4%) | 30 (66.7%) |
Male | 20 (47.6%) | 15 (33.3%) | |
Total | 42 | 45 | |
45–55 years | Female | 10 (52.6%) | 18 (81.8%) |
Male | 9 (47.4%) | 4 (18.2%) | |
Total | 19 | 22 |
RMSEA (95% CI) | TLI | CFI | |
---|---|---|---|
SLIQ | 0.059 (0.046–0.072) | 0.875 | 0.896 |
SSS-8 | 0.093 (0.072–0.115) | 0.862 | 0.901 |
BAOS | 0.095 (0.068–0.123) | 0.936 | 0.954 |
BPAS | 0.266 (0.241–0.29) | 0.639 | 0.742 |
BSAS | 0.144 (0.129–0.16) | 0.894 | 0.913 |
Abbreviations | Scale | No. of Items | Range | M | SD | Cronbach α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WHOQOL-BREF | World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale | 26 | 0.908 | |||
Physical Health | 7 | 6–20 | 16.01 | 2.31 | 0.783 | |
Psychological Health | 6 | 7–20 | 15.05 | 2.48 | 0.786 | |
Social Relationships | 3 | 7–20 | 15.35 | 3.03 | 0.669 | |
Environment | 8 | 7–20 | 14.82 | 2.48 | 0.784 | |
SLIQ | Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire | 12 | 0–10 | 5.88 | 1.71 | |
SSS-8 | Somatic Symptom Scale | 8 | 0–23 | 6.14 | 4.75 | 0.796 |
SOC | Sense of Coherence | 13 | 35–71 | 55.76 | 6.07 | 0.799 |
BAOS | Brief Acculturation Orientation Scale | |||||
BAOS-Home | Home Orientation | 4 | 4–28 | 15.53 | 6.52 | 0.852 |
BAOS-Host | Host Orientation | 4 | 4–28 | 17.30 | 5.04 | 0.788 |
BPAS | Brief Psychological Adaptation Scale | 8 | 18–53 | 40.13 | 8.02 | 0.851 |
BSAS | Brief Sociocultural Adaptation Scale | 12 | 33–84 | 65.05 | 12.63 | 0.894 |
Austria n = 112 n (%) | Ireland n = 116 n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Female | 65 (58%) | 76 (65.5%) |
Male | 47 (42%) | 48 (34.5%) |
Age | ||
20–31 | 51 (45.5%) | 49 (42.2%) |
32–44 | 42 (37.5%) | 45 (38.8%) |
45–55 | 19 (17%) | 22 (19%) |
Living situation | ||
Living with partner | 66 (58.9%) | 78 (67.2%) |
Living alone | 46 (41.1%) | 38 (32.8%) |
Education | ||
Secondary | 61 (54.5%) | 59 (50.9%) |
Tertiary | 51 (45.5%) | 57 (49.1%) |
Net household income in EUR | ||
Up to 1.300 | 20 (17.9%) | 4 (3.4%) |
Up to 2.500 | 44 (39.3%) | 30 (25.9%) |
Up to 4.000 | 41 (36.5%) | 42 (36.2%) |
Above 4.500 | 7 (6.3%) | 40 (34.5%) |
Length of stay (in months) | ||
10–12 | 9 (8.0%) | 5 (4.3%) |
13–24 | 19 (17.0%) | 32 (27.6%) |
25–36 | 19 (17.0%) | 23 (19.8%) |
37–48 | 19 (17.0%) | 22 (19.0%) |
49–61 | 46 (41.0%) | 34 (29.3%) |
Austria Mean (SD) | Ireland Mean (SD) | p | Cohen’s d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SLIQ | 5.93 (1.92) | 5.66 (1.67) | 0.267 | 0.15 |
SOC | 62.17 (13.12) | 62.55 (13.52) | 0.829 | −0.03 |
BAOS-Home | 17.36 (6.42) | 13.77 (6.14) | <0.001 | 0.57 |
BAOS-Host | 17.93 (4.79) | 16.69 (5.23) | 0.064 | 0.25 |
BPAS | 38.89 (8.09) | 41.32 (7.80) | 0.022 | −0.31 |
BSAS | 65.66 (11.85) | 64.46 (13.36) | 0.473 | 0.09 |
SSS-8 | 6.61 (4.48) | 6.22 (5.16) | 0.551 | 0.08 |
Perception of overall health | 3.88 (0.86) | 3.81 (0.85) | 0.570 | 0.08 |
QoL Physical health | 15.96 (2.18) | 16.14 (2.65) | 0.580 | −0.07 |
QoL Psychological health | 15.08 (2.62) | 15.08 (2.49) | 0.993 | 0.00 |
QoL Social relationships | 15.65 (2.96) | 15.09 (3.09) | 0.162 | 0.18 |
QoL Environment | 15.47 (2.27) | 14.26 (2.80) | <0.001 | 0.47 |
Quality of Life | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Somatic Symptoms | Perception of Overall General Health | Physical Health | Psychological Health | Social Relationships | Environment | |||||||
Variables | β | p | OR | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p |
SOC | −0.371 | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | <0.001 | 0.288 | <0.001 | 0.453 | <0.001 | 0.180 | 0.008 | 0.203 | 0.001 |
BAOS-Home | 0.129 | 0.044 | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.819 | −0.018 | 0.777 | 0.175 | 0.001 | 0.245 | <0.001 | 0.047 | 0.400 |
BAOS- Host | −0.025 | 0.685 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.550 | 0.019 | 0.757 | −0.002 | 0.969 | −0.015 | 0.814 | 0.015 | 0.783 |
BPAS | −0.219 | 0.008 | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.588 | 0.274 | 0.001 | 0.290 | <0.001 | 0.282 | 0.001 | 0.209 | 0.004 |
BSAS | 0.010 | 0.895 | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 0.158 | 0.113 | 0.137 | 0.120 | 0.060 | 0.142 | 0.072 | 0.393 | <0.001 |
Adjusted R2 | 27.1% | 28.0% * | 30.5% | 51.5% | 25.4% | 44.0% |
Quality of Life | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Somatic Symptoms | Perception of Overall General Health | Physical Health | Psychological Health | Social Relationships | Environment | |||||||
Variables | β | p | OR | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p |
Sex (a) | 0.095 | 0.119 | 0.95 (0.44–2.07) | 0.898 | −0.107 | 0.068 | −0.080 | 0.106 | −0.022 | 0.719 | −0.092 | 0.054 |
Age | 0.058 | 0.357 | 0.94 (0.92–1.01) | 0.122 | −0.120 | 0.046 | −0.022 | 0.657 | −0.045 | 0.476 | −0.088 | 0.071 |
Education (b) | −0.021 | 0.739 | 0.73 (0.34–1.56) | 0.410 | −0.054 | 0.368 | −0.011 | 0.831 | −0.037 | 0.580 | 0.102 | 0.037 |
Living Situation (c) | 0.021 | 0.752 | 0.50 (0.21–1.23) | 0.132 | −0.111 | 0.089 | 0.052 | 0.338 | 0.139 | 0.044 | −0.102 | 0.053 |
Net household income | −0.064 | 0.391 | 1.88 (1.12–3.17) | 0.017 | 0.085 | 0.234 | 0.070 | 0.244 | 0.000 | 0.995 | 0.155 | 0.008 |
Country (d) | −0.030 | 0.660 | 1.59 (0.70–3.61) | 0.264 | −0.003 | 0.965 | 0.017 | 0.750 | 0.084 | 0.219 | 0.281 | <0.001 |
Length of stay | −0.084 | 0.174 | 0.97 (0.95–1.00) | 0.025 | −0.051 | 0.384 | −0.080 | 0.107 | −0.049 | 0.432 | 0.009 | 0.856 |
SLIQ | −0.044 | 0.487 | 1.13 (0.91–1.40) | 0.262 | 0.064 | 0.290 | 0.128 | 0.013 | 0.044 | 0.491 | 0.101 | 0.041 |
SOC | −0.356 | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | <0.001 | 0.314 | <0.001 | 0.413 | <0.001 | 0.169 | 0.022 | 0.176 | 0.002 |
BAOS-Home | 0.141 | 0.036 | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.754 | −0.006 | 0.931 | 0.159 | 0.003 | 0.202 | 0.003 | 0.015 | 0.777 |
BAOS- Host | −0.041 | 0.525 | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 0.309 | 0.056 | 0.364 | 0.004 | 0.938 | −0.022 | 0.741 | 0.020 | 0.687 |
BPAS | −0.210 | 0.015 | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.748 | 0.252 | 0.002 | 0.250 | <0.001 | 0.272 | 0.002 | 0.255 | <0.001 |
BSAS | 0.027 | 0.730 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.291 | 0.107 | 0.155 | 0.110 | 0.083 | 0.129 | 0.108 | 0.322 | <0.001 |
Adjusted R2 | 27.2% | 36.3% * | 33.4% | 52.8% | 25.1% | 55.9% | ||||||
Delta R2 | 0.1% | 8.3% | 2.9% | 1.3% | −0.3% | 11.9% |
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Pristojkovic Suko, I.; Holter, M.; Stolz, E.; Greimel, E.R.; Freidl, W. Acculturation, Adaptation, and Health among Croatian Migrants in Austria and Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416960
Pristojkovic Suko I, Holter M, Stolz E, Greimel ER, Freidl W. Acculturation, Adaptation, and Health among Croatian Migrants in Austria and Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(24):16960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416960
Chicago/Turabian StylePristojkovic Suko, Izolda, Magdalena Holter, Erwin Stolz, Elfriede Renate Greimel, and Wolfgang Freidl. 2022. "Acculturation, Adaptation, and Health among Croatian Migrants in Austria and Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24: 16960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416960