Factors Influencing the Executive Functions of Male and Female Cadets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Executive Functions
2.2. Shooting Performance
2.3. Physical Fitness
2.3.1. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3.2. Motor Components
Dominant Handgrip Strength
Running Speed
Endurance
Explosive Power of the Lower Extremities
Abdominal Muscle Strength
2.3.3. Body Composition Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations, Strengths, and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Men (N = 108) | Women (N = 18) | Mann–Whitney U Test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sd | v | sd | v | p | |||
Body height (cm) | 179.44 | 5.60 | 3.12 | 167.49 | 4.24 | 2.53 | 0.0000 |
Body weight (kg) | 77.35 | 7.70 | 9.95 | 63.11 | 3.77 | 5.97 | 0.0000 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.01 | 2.05 | 8.55 | 22.35 | 1.24 | 5.55 | 0.0006 |
Fat tissue (%) | 13.92 | 3.14 | 22.54 | 22.42 | 3.22 | 14.38 | 0.0000 |
Muscle mass (kg) | 62.36 | 5.35 | 8.58 | 45.03 | 2.31 | 5.12 | 0.0000 |
Dominant handgrip strength (kg) | 124.48 | 19.14 | 15.38 | 87.50 | 14.17 | 16.19 | 0.0000 |
Horizontal jump (cm) | 226.58 | 19.20 | 8.47 | 187.00 | 17.04 | 9.11 | 0.0000 |
Sit-ups (amount) | 31.76 | 3.71 | 11.67 | 28.06 | 3.11 | 11.10 | 0.0001 |
Shuttle run 10 × 5 m (s) | 18.47 | 1.01 | 5.48 | 19.84 | 0.82 | 4.12 | 0.0000 |
Run 1000 m (s) | 213.91 | 23.69 | 11.07 | 245.44 | 14.26 | 5.81 | 0.0000 |
CTT-2 (s) | 67.65 | 16.23 | 23.99 | 60.17 | 12.01 | 19.96 | 0.0646 |
SP (mark) | 3.54 | 1.13 | 31.97 | 3.11 | 1.02 | 32.87 | 0.1389 |
Variable | Men (N = 108) | Women (N = 18) | Mann–Whitney U Test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sd | v | sd | v | p | |||
Body height (cm) | 179.46 | 5.64 | 3.14 | 167.43 | 4.46 | 2.67 | 0.0000 |
Body weight (kg) | 76.63 | 7.89 | 10.29 | 61.96 | 3.47 | 5.59 | 0.0000 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.78 | 2.14 | 9.01 | 22.12 | 1.28 | 5.78 | 0.0008 |
Fat tissue (%) | 13.58 | 3.06 | 22.50 | 22.03 | 3.12 | 14.17 | 0.0000 |
Muscle mass (kg) | 62.13 | 5.29 | 8.51 | 44.85 | 1.88 | 4.18 | 0.0000 |
Dominant handgrip strength (kg) | 131.16 | 18.59 | 14.17 | 93.33 | 10.71 | 11.48 | 0.0000 |
Horizontal jump (cm) | 228.86 | 18.95 | 8.28 | 186.83 | 19.92 | 10.66 | 0.0000 |
Sit-ups (amount) | 30.49 | 4.12 | 13.51 | 27.94 | 3.73 | 13.36 | 0.0228 |
Shuttle run 10 × 5 m (s) | 17.95 | 1.22 | 6.78 | 19.22 | 1.41 | 7.34 | 0.0001 |
Run 1000 m (s) | 209.37 | 22.89 | 10.93 | 239.94 | 22.71 | 9.46 | 0.0000 |
CTT-2 (s) | 59.22 | 12.16 | 20.54 | 58.67 | 11.43 | 19.48 | 0.9555 |
SP (mark) | 4.11 | 0.60 | 14.56 | 4.39 | 0.41 | 9.42 | 0.0570 |
Test for Full Model | Standardized Coefficients β at Selected Variables | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Gender | F | p | Adjusted R2 | Dominant Handgrip Strength | SP |
CTT-2 | m | 23.11 | 0.000000 | 0.29 | −0.002439 | −0.55 |
w | 10.39 | 0.001468 | 0.53 | −0.256538 | −0.80 |
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Zurek, G.; Lenart, D.; Lachowicz, M.; Zebrowski, K.; Jamro, D. Factors Influencing the Executive Functions of Male and Female Cadets. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 17043. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417043
Zurek G, Lenart D, Lachowicz M, Zebrowski K, Jamro D. Factors Influencing the Executive Functions of Male and Female Cadets. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(24):17043. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417043
Chicago/Turabian StyleZurek, Grzegorz, Dariusz Lenart, Maciej Lachowicz, Krzysztof Zebrowski, and Dariusz Jamro. 2022. "Factors Influencing the Executive Functions of Male and Female Cadets" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24: 17043. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417043