Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of a Personalized Breast Cancer Screening Program: Views of Spanish Health Professionals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Study Population
2.2. Survey Instrument
- Sociodemographic data: age, gender, professional field (nurse, doctor, other), medical specialty or professional profile, years of practice, type of work center (public, private, both, university, other), type of relationship or employment contract, and work relation with early detection of breast cancer (yes/no);
- Advantages of risk-based screening for the health of women with an individual risk of breast cancer higher (6 items)/lower (6 items) than the population average;
- Disadvantages of risk-based screening for women’s health (6 items);
- Advantages of risk-based screening, in relation to current screening, for the Spanish National Health System (4 items);
- Barriers (15 items) and facilitators (6 items) for the implementation of risk-based screening;
- Implementation of shared decision-making in breast cancer screening (12 items);
- Aspects of the organizational structure to consider for the implementation of a risk-based screening program (9 items);
- Communication of the benefits and harms of breast cancer screening (7 items);
- Coordination of the risk-based screening program (3 items);
- Considering the advantages and disadvantages, how important is it for you to move from the current Screening Program to a personalized Breast Cancer Screening Program? Answer: 1 to 5 Likert scale, where 1-very little or nothing and 5-a lot;
- Given the current Breast Cancer Screening Program, do you think Primary Care should be the gateway to a future personalized breast cancer screening program? Answer: Yes/No.
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants Characteristics
3.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Risk-Based Breast Cancer Screening
3.3. Facilitators and Barriers for the Implementation of a Risk-Based Screening Program
3.4. Implementation of Shared Decision-Making in Breast Cancer Screening
3.5. Aspects of the Organizational Structure to Consider for the Implementation of a Risk-Based Screening Program
3.6. Communication of the Benefits and Harms of Breast Cancer Screening and Coordination of the Risk-Based Screening Program
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary of Main Findings
4.2. Comparison with Previous Studies
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N (%) | Number of Responses |
---|---|---|
Gender, Female | 151 (76.3) | 198 |
Age, Median [Q1, Q3] | 53 [44.8, 60.0] | 220 |
Years of work experience, Median [Q1, Q3] | 25.0 [16.0;33.0] | 220 |
Work area | 195 | |
Medicine | 102 (52.3) | |
Nursing | 72 (36.9) | |
Other | 21 (10.8) | |
Health-related specialty | 195 | |
Oncology | 38 (19.5) | |
Epidemiology/Preventive Medicine and Public Health | 37 (19.0) | |
Family and Community Medicine | 29 (14.9) | |
No specialty | 21 (10.8) | |
Gynecology and Obstetrics | 25 (12.8) | |
Radiology | 7 (3.6) | |
Health economics | 6 (3.1) | |
Surgery | 3 (1.5) | |
Other | 29 (14.9) | |
Workplace | 199 | |
Public health center | 170 (85.4) | |
Private health center | 7 (3.52) | |
Both public and private health center | 10 (5.03) | |
University | 8 (4.02) | |
Other | 4 (2.01) | |
Work-related to breast cancer early detection | 91 (41.6) | 219 |
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Laza-Vásquez, C.; Hernández-Leal, M.J.; Carles-Lavila, M.; Pérez-Lacasta, M.J.; Cruz-Esteve, I.; Rué, M.; on behalf of the DECIDO Group. Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of a Personalized Breast Cancer Screening Program: Views of Spanish Health Professionals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031406
Laza-Vásquez C, Hernández-Leal MJ, Carles-Lavila M, Pérez-Lacasta MJ, Cruz-Esteve I, Rué M, on behalf of the DECIDO Group. Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of a Personalized Breast Cancer Screening Program: Views of Spanish Health Professionals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031406
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaza-Vásquez, Celmira, María José Hernández-Leal, Misericòrdia Carles-Lavila, Maria José Pérez-Lacasta, Inés Cruz-Esteve, Montserrat Rué, and on behalf of the DECIDO Group. 2022. "Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of a Personalized Breast Cancer Screening Program: Views of Spanish Health Professionals" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031406