Social Attitude to COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations after the Influenza Vaccination Season and between the Second and Third COVID-19 Wave in Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Question | Question Content | Possible Answers |
---|---|---|
1 # | Have you ever been vaccinated against influenza? | Yes, annually/Yes, occasionally/No |
2 # | Willingness to be vaccinated against influenza in the season 2020/21 | Yes, and I was vaccinated/Yes, but the vaccine was not available/No |
3 # | If your answer was “affirmative” in the previous question, please indicate why? If the answer was “no” please skip this question and go to question 4. | Multiple choice possibility |
4 # | If you answered “no” in question 2 please indicate why? | Multiple choice possibility |
5 # | If you answered “no” in question 2 please indicate what could change your decision? | Multiple choice possibility |
6 # | Do you think that vaccination against influenza should be obligatory? | Agree/Agree but only for those from the risk group/Disagree |
7 ^ | Have you been infected with the coronavirus (infection confirmed by the PCR test) | Yes, and the course of illness was severe/Yes, and the course of illness was mild/Yes, and the course of illness was asymptomatic/No |
8 ^ | Would you be vaccinated against COVID-19? | - Yes/no |
9 ^ | If you answered “disagree” in the previous question, please indicate why? If the answer was affirmative, please skip this question and go to question 5. | Multiple choice possibility |
10 ^ | If you answered “disagree” in the previous question, please indicate what could change your decision? | Multiple choice possibility |
11 ^ | Do you think that vaccination against COVID-19 should be obligatory? | Agree/Agree but only for those from the risk group/Disagree |
Country | Age Range * | Sex | Place of Residence | Level of Education | Work/Education Related to Healthcare ^ | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 # | 2 # | 3 # | Female | Male | 1 # | 2 # | 3 # | 1 # | 2 # | 3 # | Yes | |
Poland | 18–26 (65.5%) | 36–45 (9.9%) | 27–35 (9.8%) | 73.8% | 26.2% | City > 500 thousands of residents (35%) | City with 100–500 thiousands of residents (20.9%) | City < 50 thousands of residents (19.6%) | Student (47.5%) | Higher (38.2%) | Secondary (10.31%) | 61.2% |
Ukraine | 27–35 (32.5%) | 36–45 (29.7%) | 46–60 (16.8%) | 82.3% | 17.7% | City > 500 thousands of residents (49.5%) | City with 100–500 thiousands of residents (19.7%) | City < 50 thousands of residents (14.4%) | Higher (83%) | Student (7%) | Secondary (6.1%) | 38.4% |
Lithuania | 18–26 (39.44%) | 36–45 (17.37%) | 27–35 (14.55%) | 72.77% | 27.23% | City with 100–500 thiousands of residents (41.31%) | City < 50 thousands of residents (19.72%) | City with 50–100 thiousands of residents (14.08%) | Higher (60.56%) | Student (23.0%) | Secondary (7.98%) | 53.5% |
Country | Have You Ever Been Vaccinated against Influenza? # | Willingness to Be Vaccinated against Influenza in the Season 2020/21 # | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes, Annually | Yes, Occasionally | No | Yes, and I Was Vaccinated | Yes, but the Vaccine Was Not Available | No | |
Poland | 10.7% | 28.3% | 61% | 16.4% | 19.6% | 64% |
Ukraine | 10.7% | 16.4% | 72.9% | 14.8% | 12.5% | 72.7% |
Lithuania | 10.33% | 20.66% | 69.01% | 17.84% | 16.9% | 65.26% |
Country | Question 3 | Question 4 | Question 5 | Question 9 | Question 10 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 # | 2 # | 3 # | 1 # | 2 # | 3 # | 1 # | 2 # | 3 # | 1 # | 2 # | 3 # | 1 # | 2 # | 3 # | |
Poland | “I feel safe being vaccinated against influenza” (80.69%) | “employers cover the costs of vaccination” (13.3%) | “I know that it is important” (11.4%) | “I am not in a risk group” (48.9%) | “I am afraid of side effects” (25.3%) | “I have never got influenza (15.1%) | “Being in a risk group” (46.25%) | “Worsening of the pandemic course” (37.8%) | “Better access to vaccines” (24.2%) | “I am afraid of COVID-19 vaccines safeness” (76.4%) | “I am not in a risk group” (28.6%) | “I am afraid of vaccines costs” (23.4%) | “If it will be necessary” (59.1% | “Getting knowledge about the process of production and vaccine composition” (25.8%) | “Longer market availability” (13.4%) |
Ukraine | “I feel safe being vaccinated against influenza” (59.3%) | “I am in a risk group” (19.1%) | “in the past, my relatives or I was seriously ill due to influenza” (10.9%) | “I am anti-vaccines” (41%) | “I am afraid of side effects” (32%) | “I am not in a risk group” (12.5%) | “Nothing can change my decision” (61.9%) | “Being in a risk group” (9.7%) | “Worsening of the pandemic course” (7.8%) | “I am afraid of COVID-19 vaccines safeness” (34.3%) | “I do not believe in vaccines” (32.4%) | “I am not in a risk group” (13.9%) | “Nothing can change my decision” (63.2%) | “Longer market availability” (18.1%) | “Worsening of the pandemic course” (4.7%) |
Lithuania | “I feel safe being vaccinated against influenza” (26.29%) | “employers cover the costs of vaccination” (5.63%) | “I am in a risk group” (3.75%) | “I am not in a risk group” (25.35%) | “I am not interested in vaccination” (25.35%) | Other (answer not specified) (10.33%) | “Being in a risk group” (26.29%) | “Nothing can change my decision” (21.13%) | “Serious influenza complications in my family” (19.72%) | “I am afraid of COVID-19 vaccines safeness” (50%) | “I do not believe in vaccines” (25.0%) | “I am not in a risk group” (25.0%) | “Nothing can change my decision” (55.36%) | “Longer market availability” (48.21%) | “Severe course and complications after COVID-19 in my family” (23.21%) |
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Zaprutko, T.; Kremin, Y.; Michalak, M.; Bernatoniene, J.; Zaprutko, L.; Hudz, N.; Stolecka, A.; Cynar, J.; Niewczas, K.; Sprawka, J.; et al. Social Attitude to COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations after the Influenza Vaccination Season and between the Second and Third COVID-19 Wave in Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042042
Zaprutko T, Kremin Y, Michalak M, Bernatoniene J, Zaprutko L, Hudz N, Stolecka A, Cynar J, Niewczas K, Sprawka J, et al. Social Attitude to COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations after the Influenza Vaccination Season and between the Second and Third COVID-19 Wave in Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042042
Chicago/Turabian StyleZaprutko, Tomasz, Yuliia Kremin, Michał Michalak, Jurga Bernatoniene, Lucjusz Zaprutko, Nataliia Hudz, Aleksandra Stolecka, Julia Cynar, Katarzyna Niewczas, Józefina Sprawka, and et al. 2022. "Social Attitude to COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations after the Influenza Vaccination Season and between the Second and Third COVID-19 Wave in Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042042