Are Gyms a Feasible Setting for Exercise Training Interventions in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors? An Italian 10-Years Cross-Sectional Survey Comparison
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey
2.2. PASSI Surveillance
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. What Has Changed in the Last Decade?
3.2. Survey vs. PASSI Surveillance
4. Discussion
Limitations and Perspectives
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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2007 Survey n = 1049 | 2017 Survey n = 919 | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (female) | 472 (45.0) | 441 (48.0) | 0.422 |
Age | |||
18–35 years | 667 (63.6) | 513 (55.8) | 0.079 |
35–50 years | 273 (26.5) | 213 (23.2) | 0.187 |
50–69 years | 104 (9.9) | 193 (21.0) | <0.001 |
Arterial hypertension | 52 (4.9) | 79 (8.6) | 0.001 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 62 (5.9) | 108 (11.8) | <0.001 |
Overweight | 252 (24.0) | 213 (23.2) | 0.660 |
Diabetes | 12 (1.1) | 13 (1.4) | 0.593 |
Smokers | 301 (28.7) | 230 (25.0) | 0.068 |
Heart disease | 17 (1.6) | 13 (1.4) | 0.710 |
Medical referral | 55 (5.2) | 71 (7.7) | 0.035 |
Benefits from PA | 1026 (97.8) | 906 (98.6) | 0.938 |
2007 Survey n = 1049 | 2007 PASSI n = 3219 | p | 2017 Survey n = 919 | 2017 PASSI n = 20059 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 52 (4.7) | 731 (22.7) | <0.001 | 79 (8.6) | 4012 (20) | <0.001 |
18–35 years | 15 (2.2) | 72 (7.4) | <0.001 | 3 (0.5) | 180 (3.5) | <0.001 |
35–50 years | 22 (7.9) | 186 (16.5) | <0.001 | 21 (9.9) | 893 (13.1) | 0.167 |
50–69 years | 15 (14.4) | 473 (42.5) | <0.001 | 55 (28.5) | 2939 (36.3) | 0.026 |
Male | 36 (6.2) | 388 (23.8) | <0.001 | 40 (8.4) | 1872 (18.9) | <0.001 |
Female | 16 (3.4) | 343 (21.6) | <0.001 | 39 (8.8) | 2140 (21.0) | <0.001 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 62 (5.9) | 927 (28.8) | <0.001 | 108 (11.8) | 4594 (22.9) | <0.001 |
18–35 years | 24 (3.6) | 141 (14.4) | <0.001 | 22 (4.3) | 406 (7.9) | 0.003 |
35–50 years | 26 (9.4) | 272 (24.1) | <0.001 | 34 (16.0) | 1289 (18.9) | 0.280 |
50–69 years | 12 (11.5) | 514 (46.2) | <0.001 | 52 (26.9) | 2899 (35.8) | 0.011 |
Male | 29 (5.0) | 266 (28.6) | <0.001 | 44 (9.2) | 2240 (22.7) | <0.001 |
Female | 33 (7.0) | 461 (29.0) | <0.001 | 64 (14.5) | 2354 (11.7) | <0.001 |
Overweight | 252 (24.0) | 1352 (42.0) | <0.001 | 213 (23.2) | 8084 (40.3) | <0.001 |
18–35 years | 135 (20.2) | 225 (23.0) | 0.186 | 108 (21.1) | 1150 (22.4) | 0.486 |
35–50 years | 81 (29.1) | 431 (38.2) | 0.005 | 71 (33.3) | 2612 (38.3) | 0.142 |
50–69 years | 36 (34.6) | 696 (62.5) | <0.001 | 34 (17.6) | 4322 (53.3) | <0.001 |
Male | 186 (32.2) | 828 (50.8) | <0.001 | 116 (24.3) | 4925 (49.9) | <0.001 |
Female | 66 (14.0) | 524 (33.0) | <0.001 | 97 (22.0) | 3159 (31.0) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 12 (1.1) | 129 (4.0) | <0.001 | 13 (1.4) | 943 (4.7) | <0.001 |
18–35 years | 4 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 0.058 | 2 (0.4) | 62 (1.2) | 0.095 |
35–50 years | 2 (0.7) | 32 (2.8) | 0.039 | 1 (0.5) | 136 (2.0) | 0.113 |
50–69 years | 6 (5.8) | 92 (8.3) | 0.371 | 10 (5.2) | 745 (9.2) | 0.055 |
Male | 7 (1.2) | 72 (4.4) | <0.001 | 6 (1.3) | 577 (5.8) | <0.001 |
Female | 5 (1.1) | 57 (3.6) | 0.009 | 7 (1.6) | 366 (3.6) | 0.025 |
Smokers | 301 (28.7) | 827 (25.7) | 0.055 | 230 (25.0) | 4509 (22.5) | 0.071 |
18–35 years | 212 (31.8) | 340 (34.7) | 0.214 | 150 (29.2) | 1532 (29.8) | 0.779 |
35–50 years | 66 (23.7) | 299 (26.5) | 0.342 | 44 (20.7) | 1555 (22.8) | 0.462 |
50–69 years | 23 (22.1) | 188 (16.9) | 0.178 | 36 (18.7) | 1422 (17.5) | 0.690 |
Male | 170 (29.5) | 470 (28.9) | 0.781 | 133 (27.8) | 2595 (26.3) | 0.458 |
Female | 131 (27.8) | 357 (22.5) | 0.018 | 97 (22.0) | 1914 (18.8) | 0.092 |
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Vecchiato, M.; Quinto, G.; Palermi, S.; Foccardi, G.; Mazzucato, B.; Battista, F.; Duregon, F.; Michieletto, F.; Neunhaeuserer, D.; Ermolao, A. Are Gyms a Feasible Setting for Exercise Training Interventions in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors? An Italian 10-Years Cross-Sectional Survey Comparison. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042407
Vecchiato M, Quinto G, Palermi S, Foccardi G, Mazzucato B, Battista F, Duregon F, Michieletto F, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. Are Gyms a Feasible Setting for Exercise Training Interventions in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors? An Italian 10-Years Cross-Sectional Survey Comparison. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042407
Chicago/Turabian StyleVecchiato, Marco, Giulia Quinto, Stefano Palermi, Giulia Foccardi, Barbara Mazzucato, Francesca Battista, Federica Duregon, Federica Michieletto, Daniel Neunhaeuserer, and Andrea Ermolao. 2022. "Are Gyms a Feasible Setting for Exercise Training Interventions in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors? An Italian 10-Years Cross-Sectional Survey Comparison" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042407