Social Network, Cognition and Participation in Rural Health Governance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Backgrounds and Hypothesis Development
2.1. Social Network
2.2. Rural Residents’ Cognition
3. Methods
3.1. Data Sampling
3.2. Measurements
3.2.1. Rural Residents’ Participation in Rural Health Governance
3.2.2. Social Network
3.2.3. Rural Residents’ Cognition
3.2.4. Control Variables
3.3. Analytical Methods
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Statistical Analysis
4.2. Correlation Analysis
4.3. Regression Analysis of Rural Residents Participating in Rural Health Governance
5. Discussion
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic Index | Classification | Frequency | Proportion (%) | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 1527 | 65.17 | 0.48 |
Female | 816 | 34.83 | ||
Age | Below 30 | 109 | 4.65 | 1.14 |
30–39 | 187 | 7.98 | ||
40–49 | 448 | 19.12 | ||
50–59 | 711 | 30.35 | ||
60 and above | 888 | 37.90 | ||
Occupation | Farming | 1523 | 65.00 | 1.60 |
Working | 372 | 15.88 | ||
Teaching | 29 | 1.24 | ||
Self-employed and private business owners | 154 | 6.57 | ||
Rural managing | 58 | 2.48 | ||
Other | 207 | 8.83 | ||
Marital status | Unmarried | 134 | 5.72 | 0.62 |
Married | 1976 | 84.34 | ||
Divorced | 41 | 1.75 | ||
Widowed | 192 | 8.19 | ||
Region | Eastern | 383 | 16.35 | 0.69 |
Middle | 1143 | 48.78 | ||
Western | 817 | 34.87 | ||
In total | 2343 | 100 |
Variables | Variable Name | Operational Processing | Valuation | Average | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | Participation in rural health governance | Participate in the governance or not | No = 0; Yes = 1 | 0.28 | 0.45 |
Control variable | Sex | Your sex | Female = 0; Male = 1 | 0.65 | 0.48 |
Age | Your age | Below 30 =1; 30–39 = 2; 40–49 = 3; 50–59 = 4; 60 and above = 5 | 3.89 | 1.14 | |
Educational level | Your educational level | Illiterate = 1; Primary school = 2; Junior high school = 3; High school =4; College degree or above = 5 | 2.64 | 0.95 | |
Life pressure | Your life pressure | No = 1; Little = 2; General = 3; High = 4; Very high = 5 | 3.44 | 0.90 | |
Social network | Introverted communication | Human relation pressure | Very small = 1; Small = 2; General = 3; large = 4; Very large = 5 | 3.56 | 0.93 |
Extraverted communication | Outgoing frequency | No = 1; Seldom = 2; General = 3; Often = 4; Frequent = 5 | 2.82 | 0.98 | |
Residents’cognition | Policy cognition | Related policy cognition | No = 1; Little = 2; General = 3; Clear = 4; Very clear = 5 | 2.60 | 1.11 |
Remediation project cognition | No = 1; Little = 2; General = 3; Clear = 4; Very clear = 5 | 2.66 | 1.05 | ||
Responsibility awareness | Responsibility identity cognition | Very disagree = 1; Disagree = 2; General = 3; Agree = 4; Very agree = 5 | 4.20 | 0.72 | |
Responsibility expression | No = 0; Yes = 1 | 0.21 | 0.41 | ||
Willingness in expression | Unwilling = 0; Willing = 1 | 0.76 | 0.43 |
Related Policy Cognition | Participation | Responsibility Expression | Participation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | No | Yes | ||
No | 80.68 | 19.32 | No | 79.67 | 20.33 |
Little | 77.94 | 22.06 | |||
General | 72.28 | 27.72 | |||
Clear | 59.00 | 41.00 | Yes | 41.22 | 58.78 |
Very clear | 36.96 | 63.04 | |||
Sample: 2334; p = 0.000 | Sample: 2325; p = 0.000 |
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | Standard Error | β | Standard Error | β | Standard Error | |
Control variable | ||||||
Sex a | 0.249 * | 0.101 | 0.282 ** | 0.103 | 0.137 | 0.112 |
Age | 0.018 | 0.047 | −0.008 | 0.048 | −0.010 | 0.052 |
Educational level | 0.162 ** | 0.055 | 0.188 *** | 0.056 | 0.057 | 0.062 |
Life pressure | 0.232 *** | 0.054 | 0.157 ** | 0.057 | 0.181 ** | 0.062 |
Social network | ||||||
Human relation pressure | 0.240 *** | 0.054 | 0.240 *** | 0.059 | ||
Outgoing frequency | −0.214 *** | 0.050 | −0.236 *** | 0.054 | ||
Policy cognition | ||||||
Related policy cognition | 0.152 * | 0.077 | ||||
Remediation project cognition | 0.208 * | 0.082 | ||||
Responsibility awareness | ||||||
Responsibility identity cognition | 0.374 ** | 0.079 | ||||
Responsibility expression b | 1.465 ** | 0.119 | ||||
Willingness in expression c | 0.472 ** | 0.143 | ||||
constant | −2.644 *** | 0.379 | −2.674 | 0.425 | −5.288 *** | 0.562 |
Model fitting | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
−2 Log Likelihood | 2730.294 | 2672.956 | 2304.253 | |||
Nagelkerke R | 0.024 | 0.046 | 0.241 | |||
Valid sample | 2316 | 2277 | 2277 |
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Tang, J.; Ruan, H.; Wang, C.; Xu, W.; Li, C.; Dong, X. Social Network, Cognition and Participation in Rural Health Governance. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052862
Tang J, Ruan H, Wang C, Xu W, Li C, Dong X. Social Network, Cognition and Participation in Rural Health Governance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052862
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Jiayi, Haibo Ruan, Chao Wang, Wendong Xu, Changgui Li, and Xuan Dong. 2022. "Social Network, Cognition and Participation in Rural Health Governance" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052862
APA StyleTang, J., Ruan, H., Wang, C., Xu, W., Li, C., & Dong, X. (2022). Social Network, Cognition and Participation in Rural Health Governance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052862