Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Residents with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms or Asthma Following a Sulphur Stockpile Fire Incident
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Recruitment and Study Sample
2.2. Questionnaires
2.3. Definition of PLRS or Asthma
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Characteristics | Total N (%) | PLRS or (n = 246) Symptoms after the Fire (n = 74) N (%) | No PLRS or Symptoms after the Fire (n = 172) N (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
* Age (years) Mean ± SD | 42 ± 12.8 | 42 ± 11.8 | 41 ± 13.2 | 0.494 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 162 (65.8) | 52 (70.3) | 110 (63.9) | |
Male | 84 (34.2) | 22 (29.7) | 62 (36.1) | 0.338 |
Smoking status | ||||
Never | 101 (41.1) | 30 (40.5) | 71 (41.2) | |
Previous | 81 (32.9) | 29 (39.1) | 52 (30.2) | |
Current | 64 (26.0) | 15 (20.2) | 49 (28.4) | 0.271 |
Previous Pulmonary Tuberculosis | 29 (11.8) | 13 (17.5) | 16 (19.3) | 0.065 |
Current treatment for asthma | 45 (18.3) | 45 (60.8) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
Other chronic diseases | ||||
Hypertension | 61 (24.8) | 17 (22.9) | 44 (25.5) | 0.664 |
Cardiac disease | 19 (7.72) | 8 (10.8) | 11 (6.3) | 0.234 |
Diabetes | 22 (8.94) | 10 (13.5) | 12 (6.9) | 0.099 |
Arthritis | 25 (10.2) | 3 (4.0) | 22 (12.7) | 0.038 |
Depression | 23 (9.3) | 8 (10.8) | 15 (8.7) | 0.606 |
Anxiety | 29 (11.8) | 10 (13.5) | 19 (11.0) | 0.582 |
Physical Functioning Score | Role—Physical Score | Bodily Pain Score | General Health Score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | |
PLRS/Asthma | 24 ± 25.1 | 15 (0–35) | 33 ± 45.9 | 0 (0–100) | 67 ± 30.8 | 78 (33–100) | 24 ± 17.8 | 19 (13–32) |
No PLRS/Asthma | 39 ± 28.5 | 35 (18–35) | 48 ± 48.7 | 0 (0–100) | 67 ± 31.0 | 78 (33–100) | 37 ± 25.9 | 32 (13–56) |
p-value * | <0.001 | 0.024 | 0.797 | <0.001 | ||||
Vitality Score | Social Functioning Score | Role—Emotional Score | Mental Health Score | |||||
Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Media (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | |
PLRS/Asthma | 50 ± 20.1 | 50 (35–65) | 57 ± 28.8 | 55 (33–80) | 46 ± 49.2 | 0 (0–100) | 62 ± 26.9 | 60 (36–88) |
No PLRS/Asthma | 52 ± 20.6 | 50 (40–65) | 62 ± 28.2 | 68 (43–80) | 51 ± 49.1 | 63 (0–100) | 63 ± 24.9 | 60 (44–84) |
p-value * | 0.685 | 0.239 | 0.535 | 0.883 |
β-Coefficient (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
PF | RP | BP | GH | |
Constant | 89.18 (77.12, 101.25) *** | 85.35 (62.58, 108.11) *** | 91.08 (76, 105.57) *** | 44.59 (39.27, 49.90) *** |
Age (years) | −0.78 (−1.02, −0.55) *** | −0.70 (−1.169, −0.27) ** | −0.45 (−0.74, −0.16) ** | - |
Female | −19.09 (−25.30, −12.89) *** | - | - | −9.98 (−16.16, −3.80) ** |
Smoking | ||||
- Previous | - | - | - | - |
- Current | - | - | - | - |
Previous Pulmonary TB | - | - | - | - |
PLRS/asthma | −13.13 (−19.56, −6.71) *** | −13.09 (−25.86, −0.34) * | - | −12.94 (19.19, −6.49) *** |
RUDS | - | - | - | - |
Depression | - | −26.32 (−46.39, −6.26) ** | - | −10.10 (−21.01, −0.89) * |
Anxiety | - | - | −21.50 (−33.06, −9.93) *** | - |
Cardiac disease | −10.72 (−22.11,0.66) δ | - | - | - |
Model R2 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
β-Coefficient (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
V | SF | RE | MH | |
Constant | 64.40 (54.78, 74.01) *** | 62.63 (59.00, 66.26) *** | 98.89 (74.58, 123.20) * | 77.42 (71.08, 83.77) *** |
Age (years) | −0.23 (−0.42, −0.03) * | - | −0.75 (−1.22, −0.28) ** | - |
Female | - | - | −14.39 (−27.09, −1.70) * | −9.57 (−15.77, −3.37) ** |
Smoking | - | - | - | −4.84 (−8.49, −1.19) ** |
- Previous | - | - | - | −6.82 (−13.61, −0.04) * |
- Current | - | - | - | −9.80 (−17.05, −2.54) ** |
Previous Pulmonary TB | - | - | - | - |
PLRS/asthma | - | - | - | - |
RUDS | - | - | - | - |
Depression | −13.98 (−22.81, −5.15) ** | −25.24 (−37.11, −13.37) *** | −21.85 (−42.45, −1.25) * | −19.64 (−29.82, 9.26) *** |
Anxiety | −7.38 (−15.35, 0.58) δ | - | - | −17.32 (−26.76, −7.88) *** |
Cardiac disease | - | - | - | - |
Model R2 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.2 |
Decline in SF-36 Scores after 1 Year Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Decline in SF-36 Scores after 6 Years Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Role—Physical | Bodily Pain | General Health | Role—Physical | Bodily Pain | General Health | |
PLRS/asthma | 1.97 (1.09, 3.55) * | 1.24 (0.70, 2.21) | 7.07 (2.88, 17.35) *** | 1.59 (0.89, 2.84) | 1.05 (0.59, 1.84) | 3.50 (1.39. 8.79) ** |
PLRS/asthma and RUDS | 1.82 (0.84, 4.15) | 0.95 (0.42, 2.13) | 7.04 (1.61, 30.7) ** | 1.65 (0.74, 3.79) | 0.84 (0.38, 1.84) | 8.58 (1.10, 65.02) * |
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Adams, S.; Rajani, M.; Baatjies, R.; Omar, F.; Jeebhay, M.F. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Residents with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms or Asthma Following a Sulphur Stockpile Fire Incident. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052915
Adams S, Rajani M, Baatjies R, Omar F, Jeebhay MF. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Residents with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms or Asthma Following a Sulphur Stockpile Fire Incident. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052915
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdams, Shahieda, Mayuri Rajani, Roslynn Baatjies, Faieza Omar, and Mohamed Fareed Jeebhay. 2022. "Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Residents with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms or Asthma Following a Sulphur Stockpile Fire Incident" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052915