Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Screening for ASD with the Q-CHAT
1.2. Factors Related to the Diagnosis of ASD in Early Development
1.3. Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedures
2.2. Participants
2.3. The Instrument
2.4. Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Distribution of Q-CHAT Scores
3.2. Age and Q-CHAT Scores
3.3. Gender and Q-CHAT Scores
3.4. Parental Concerns, ASD Familial Risk, Developmental Delay, and Q-CHAT Scores
4. Discussion
4.1. Age, Gender, and Q-CHAT Scores
4.2. ASD Familial Risk, Parental Concerns, and Q-CHAT Scores
4.3. The Polish Q-CHAT and the Other Versions of the Instrument
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TD | ASD-Concerns | ASD-Sibling | DD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n Boys/Girls | 294/291 | 185/67 | 49/18 | 75/45 |
Mean age in months (SD) | 25.617 (4.512) | 24.052 (5.704) | 21.478 (4.894) | 25.650 (5.480) |
Item | M (SD) Boys | M (SD) Girls | Test Statistic |
---|---|---|---|
1. Look when call name | 1.170 (0.896) | 0.957 (0.875) | 1.995 * |
2. Eye contact | 0.907 (0.828) | 0.786 (0.806) | 2.336 * |
3. Line objects up | 1.880 (1.385) | 1.922 (1.302) | −0.497 |
4. Understand child’s speech | 1.781 (1.438) | 1.469 (1.338) | 3.557 * |
5. Protoimperative pointing | 1.176 (1.325) | 0.950 (1.187) | 2.855 * |
6. Protodeclarative pointing | 1.512 (1.422) | 1.143 (1.236) | 4.428 * |
7. Interest maintained by spinning object | 1.221(1.101) | 1.112 (1.134) | 1.531 |
8. Number of words | 1.652 (1.215) | 1.397 (1.098) | 3.499 * |
9. Pretend play | 1.643 (1.294) | 1.337 (1.219) | 3.846 * |
10. Follow a look | 1.262 (1.251) | 1.031 (1.107) | 3.115 * |
11. Sniff/lick unusual objects | 1.181 (1.199) | 1.107 (1.209) | 0.967 |
12. Use of hand as tool | 1.624 (1.273) | 1.639 (1.307) | −0.188 |
13. Walk on tiptoes | 1.269 (1.073) | 1.323 (1.051) | −0.805 |
14. Adapt to change in routine | 0.924 (0.904) | 0.641 (0.904) | −0.294 |
15. Offer comfort | 2.027 (1.303) | 1.805 (1.282) | 2.693 * |
16. Do same thing over and over again | 1.665 (1.359) | 1.662 (1.359) | 0.036 |
17. Typicality of first words | 1.449(1.441) | 1.323 (1.406) | 1.395 |
18. Echolalia | 1.443 (1.296) | 1.580 (1.315) | −1.652 |
19. Gestures | 1.309 (1.342) | 1.078 (1.256) | 2.804 * |
20. Unusual finger movements | 0.982 (1.337) | 0.988 (1.279) | 0.076 |
21. Check reaction | 1.068 (1.109) | 1.186 (1.214) | −1.580 |
22. Maintenance of interest | 1.126 (1.023) | 1.261 (1.034) | −2.072 * |
23. Twiddle objects repetitively | 1.111 (1.269) | 1.100 (1.225) | 0.143 |
24. Oversensitive to noise | 1.080 (1.023) | 1.221 (1.045) | −2.156 * |
25. Stare at nothing with no purpose | 0.796 (1.075) | 0.741 (1.047) | 0.813 |
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Niedźwiecka, A.; Pisula, E. Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053072
Niedźwiecka A, Pisula E. Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053072
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiedźwiecka, Alicja, and Ewa Pisula. 2022. "Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders Measured by the Qualitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a Large Sample of Polish Toddlers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053072