Association between Participation in the Short Version of a Workplace Oral Health Promotion Program and Medical and Dental Care Expenditures in Japanese Workers: A Longitudinal Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | Participation in Fiscal Year 2017 and Prior | p b | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never | Once | Twice or More | |||||||
(n = 2545) | (n = 1258) | (n = 86) | (n = 1201) | ||||||
n | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Sex | Male | 1059 | 494 | 46.6 | 39 | 3.7 | 526 | 49.7 | 0.058 |
Female | 1486 | 764 | 51.4 | 47 | 3.2 | 675 | 45.4 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | Without | 2277 | 1120 | 49.2 | 79 | 3.5 | 1078 | 47.3 | 0.642 |
With | 268 | 138 | 51.5 | 7 | 2.6 | 123 | 45.9 | ||
% | Statistics | Statistics | Statistics | p c | |||||
Age in fiscal year 2017 (y) d | Median | 41 | 30 | 39 | <0.001 | ||||
25th percentile | 34 | 24 | 32 | ||||||
75th percentile | 47 | 40 | 46 | ||||||
Dental care expenditures in fiscal year 2018 (Japanese yen a) | Median | 8950 | 12,480 | 8960 | 0.364 | ||||
25th percentile | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
75th percentile | 30,690 | 37,988 | 28,560 | ||||||
Percentage of zeros | 44.0% | ||||||||
Periodontal care expenditures in fiscal year 2018 (Japanese yen) | Median | 5295 | 8390 | 6950 | 0.732 | ||||
25th percentile | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
75th percentile | 26,403 | 28,998 | 24,990 | ||||||
Percentage of zeros | 48.7% | ||||||||
Medical care expenditures in fiscal year 2018 (Japanese yen) | Median | 30,530 | 31,035 | 37,060 | 0.083 | ||||
25th percentile | 11,678 | 14,708 | 14,070 | ||||||
75th percentile | 75,818 | 80,400 | 75,505 | ||||||
Percentage of zeros | 4.4% | ||||||||
Number of days of dental treatment in fiscal year 2018 | Median | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.267 | ||||
25th percentile | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||
75th percentile | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | ||||||
Percentage of zeros | 44.0% | ||||||||
Number of days of periodontal treatment in fiscal year 2018 | Median | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.703 | ||||
25th percentile | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||
75th percentile | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
Percentage of zeros | 48.7% | ||||||||
Number of days of medical treatment in fiscal year 2018 e | Median | 5.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 0.013 | ||||
25th percentile | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
75th percentile | 11.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | ||||||
Percentage of zeros | 4.5% |
Outcome Variable | Explanatory Variable | Zero-Inflated Part | Negative Binomial Part | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR a | 95% CI | p | RR b | 95% CI | p | |||||
Low | High | Low | High | |||||||
Dental care expenditures in fiscal year 2018 | Sex | Male | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | ||||
Female | 0.59 | 0.40 | 0.88 | 0.010 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.85 | <0.001 | ||
Age | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.666 | ||
Participation in the program in the fiscal year 2017 and prior | Never | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |||||
Once | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.62 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 0.48 | 1.53 | 0.600 | ||
Twice or more | 0.82 | 0.64 | 1.05 | 0.115 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.85 | <0.001 | ||
Periodontal care expenditures in fiscal year 2018 | Sex | Male | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | ||||
Female | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.78 | <0.001 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.88 | <0.001 | ||
Age | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.689 | ||
Participation in the program in the fiscal year 2017 and prior | Never | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |||||
Once | 0.48 | 0.35 | 0.67 | <0.001 | 0.79 | 0.50 | 1.24 | 0.301 | ||
Twice or more | 0.79 | 0.67 | 0.92 | 0.003 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.87 | <0.001 | ||
Number of days of dental treatment in fiscal year 2018 | Sex | Male | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | ||||
Female | 0.43 | 0.22 | 0.81 | 0.009 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.91 | <0.001 | ||
Age | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 1.05 | 0.665 | ||
Participation in the program in the fiscal year 2017 and prior | Never | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |||||
Once | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.56 | <0.001 | 0.83 | 0.35 | 1.98 | 0.668 | ||
Twice or more | 0.67 | 0.53 | 0.85 | 0.001 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.79 | <0.001 | ||
Number of days of periodontal treatment in fiscal year 2018 | Sex | Male | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | ||||
Female | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.67 | <0.001 | 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.94 | 0.004 | ||
Age | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.98 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 1.05 | 0.695 | ||
Participation in the program in the fiscal year 2017 and prior | Never | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |||||
Once | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.53 | <0.001 | 0.72 | 0.34 | 1.52 | 0.395 | ||
Twice or more | 0.65 | 0.55 | 0.76 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.87 | <0.001 |
Outcome Variable in Fiscal Year 2018 | Participation in the Program in Fiscal Year 2017 and Prior (Reference: Never) | Zero-Inflated Part | Negative Binomial Part | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR a | 95% CI | p | RR b | 95% CI | p | ||||
Low | High | Low | High | ||||||
Male | |||||||||
Dental care | Once | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.75 | 0.36 | 1.56 | 0.445 |
expenditures | Twice or more | 0.73 | 0.51 | 1.04 | 0.085 | 0.85 | 0.68 | 1.06 | 0.153 |
Periodontal care | Once | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.29 | <0.001 | 0.68 | 0.40 | 1.17 | 0.166 |
expenditures | Twice or more | 0.72 | 0.52 | 1.00 | 0.048 | 0.87 | 0.66 | 1.16 | 0.338 |
Number of days of | Once | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.23 | <0.001 | 0.76 | 0.22 | 2.62 | 0.669 |
dental treatment | Twice or more | 0.65 | 0.40 | 1.05 | 0.076 | 0.81 | 0.58 | 1.14 | 0.226 |
Number of days of | Once | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.12 | <0.001 | 0.68 | 0.22 | 2.09 | 0.500 |
periodontal treatment | Twice or more | 0.63 | 0.38 | 1.06 | 0.080 | 0.83 | 0.53 | 1.32 | 0.436 |
Female | |||||||||
Dental care | Once | 0.56 | 0.16 | 1.92 | 0.355 | 0.82 | 0.35 | 1.90 | 0.644 |
Dexpenditures | Twice or more | 0.80 | 0.54 | 1.18 | 0.255 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.82 | <0.001 |
Periodontal care | Once | 0.65 | 0.14 | 2.90 | 0.570 | 0.77 | 0.35 | 1.71 | 0.521 |
expenditures | Twice or more | 0.75 | 0.58 | 0.97 | 0.031 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.81 | <0.001 |
Number of days of | Once | 0.43 | 0.05 | 3.95 | 0.457 | 0.74 | 0.23 | 2.39 | 0.619 |
dental treatment | Twice or more | 0.56 | 0.37 | 0.86 | 0.008 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.75 | <0.001 |
Number of days of | Once | 0.53 | 0.05 | 5.19 | 0.588 | 0.64 | 0.21 | 1.93 | 0.427 |
periodontal treatment | Twice or more | 0.54 | 0.43 | 0.69 | <0.001 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.73 | <0.001 |
Outcome Variable | Explanatory Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR a | 95% CI | p | RR a | 95% CI | p | |||||
Low | High | Low | High | |||||||
Medical care expenditures in fiscal year 2018 | Sex | Male | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | ||||
Female | 1.00 | 0.63 | 1.57 | 0.989 | 1.16 | 0.56 | 2.38 | 0.691 | ||
Age (y) | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.09 | 0.518 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 1.07 | 0.575 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | Without | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |||||
With | 4.07 | 0.13 | 127.49 | 0.425 | ||||||
Participation in the program in the fiscal year 2017 and prior | Never | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |||||
Once | 0.77 | 0.36 | 1.67 | 0.511 | 0.89 | 0.33 | 2.37 | 0.814 | ||
Twice or more | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.85 | <0.001 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 0.97 | 0.014 | ||
Number of days of medical treatment in fiscal year 2018 | Sex | Male | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | ||||
Female | 1.17 | 0.63 | 2.16 | 0.620 | 1.23 | 0.61 | 2.47 | 0.568 | ||
Age (y) | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.625 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.839 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | Without | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |||||
With | 2.05 | 0.31 | 13.49 | 0.453 | ||||||
Participation in the program in the fiscal year 2017 and prior | Never | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |||||
Once | 0.84 | 0.50 | 1.40 | 0.493 | 0.83 | 0.52 | 1.32 | 0.429 | ||
Twice or more | 1.00 | 0.74 | 1.35 | 0.990 | 1.00 | 0.74 | 1.33 | 0.975 |
Outcome Variable in Fiscal Year 2018 | Participation in the Program in Fiscal Year 2017 and Prior (Reference: Never) | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR a | 95% CI | p | RR a | 95% CI | p | ||||
Low | High | Low | High | ||||||
Male | |||||||||
Medical care | Once | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.42 | <0.001 | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.69 | <0.001 |
expenditures | Twice or more | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.70 | <0.001 | 0.90 | 0.53 | 1.52 | 0.688 |
Number of days of medical treatment | Once | 0.62 | 0.41 | 0.93 | 0.022 | 0.59 | 0.44 | 0.80 | 0.001 |
Twice or more | 0.90 | 0.67 | 1.20 | 0.461 | 0.92 | 0.67 | 1.27 | 0.601 | |
Female | 1.02 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 0.574 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.07 | 0.640 | |
Medical care | Once | 0.96 | 0.20 | 4.53 | 0.960 | 1.06 | 0.20 | 5.56 | 0.947 |
expenditures | Twice or more | 0.88 | 0.65 | 1.19 | 0.407 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.78 | <0.001 |
Number of days of medical treatment | Once | 0.85 | 0.38 | 1.90 | 0.696 | 0.87 | 0.39 | 1.98 | 0.749 |
Twice or more | 1.02 | 0.67 | 1.57 | 0.922 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 1.45 | 0.997 |
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Mochida, Y.; Fuchida, S.; Yamamoto, T. Association between Participation in the Short Version of a Workplace Oral Health Promotion Program and Medical and Dental Care Expenditures in Japanese Workers: A Longitudinal Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053143
Mochida Y, Fuchida S, Yamamoto T. Association between Participation in the Short Version of a Workplace Oral Health Promotion Program and Medical and Dental Care Expenditures in Japanese Workers: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):3143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053143
Chicago/Turabian StyleMochida, Yuki, Shinya Fuchida, and Tatsuo Yamamoto. 2022. "Association between Participation in the Short Version of a Workplace Oral Health Promotion Program and Medical and Dental Care Expenditures in Japanese Workers: A Longitudinal Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 3143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053143