Amino Acid-Enriched Formula for the Post-Operative Care of Extraction Sockets Evaluated by 3-D Intraoral Scanning
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Size Calculation
2.2. Subject Recruitment
2.3. Inclusion Criteria
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- Patients should be aged 18 years or older;
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- Patients should exhibit good general health with no systemic disorders which might affect the healing phases (such as diabetes, cardiovascular events, immuno-depression);
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- Patients do not require immediate rehabilitation (with an implant or other prosthetic technique) for the single edentulia before the 2 months of healing;
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- Compliance with the study protocol and follow-up recall and willingness to adhere to the hygiene instructions and the use of a domiciliary gel.
2.4. Exclusion Criteria
2.5. Study Design
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- Test group (n = 20), who were not using the intra-operative hyaluronic acid-based gel (Polifarma Benessere S.r.l. & Professional Dietetics Aminogam®) (15 mL). After the procedure, patients received motivations and instructions for domiciliary maintenance using the same gel for 15 days, once a day in the evening after common oral hygiene procedures, which included brushing their teeth from the second day after surgery and using a chlorhexidine 0.20 mouthwash.
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- Control group (n = 20), who were not using an intra-operative gel, nor were they performing domiciliary maintenance. These patients received motivations and instructions for common post-extractive oral hygiene procedures, which included brushing their teeth from the second day after surgery and using a chlorhexidine 0.20 mouthwash.
2.6. Surgical Procedures
2.7. Outcome Assessment
2.8. Follow-Up Schedule
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Group | Test | Control |
---|---|---|
N patients | 20 | 20 |
Female | 11 | 9 |
Male | 10 | 10 |
Age (mean ± SD) | 45.30 ± 10.00 | 47.75 ± 10.00 |
Upper teeth extracted | 10 | 9 |
Lower teeth extracted | 10 | 11 |
Second premolars | 8 | 9 |
First molars | 9 | 10 |
Second molars | 3 | 1 |
Tooth extracted for mobility | 6 | 4 |
Tooth extracted for fracture | 12 | 13 |
Tooth extracted for a failed endodontic treatment | 2 | 3 |
N° patients smoking (<6 cigarettes) | 3 | 2 |
Volume (Baseline: 100%) Mean Value ± SD (Standard Deviation) | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test (N patients = 20) | 100% ± 0.00 | 105.05% ± 5.74 | 102.35% ± 6.05 | 97.35% ± 2.34 | 95.85% ± 1.81 |
Control (N patients = 20) | 100% ± 0.00 | 109.15% ± 6.30 | 104.95% ± 6.26 | 97.20% ± 2.26 | 95.55% ± 1.88 |
p value | 0.0380 | 0.1895 | 0.1895 | 0.8380 | |
VAS score (0–10) Mean value ± SD (standard deviation) | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
Test (N patients = 20) | 3.9 ± 2.02 | 1.65 ± 0.75 | 1.1 ± 0.91 | 0.1 ± 0.31 | 0 ± 0 |
Control (N patients = 20) | 4.5 ± 2.06 | 2.7 ± 1.49 | 1.35 ± 1.04 | 0.2 ± 0.41 | 0 ± 0 |
p value | 0.82 | 0.04 | 0.86 | 0.94 | / |
Number of painkillers taken Mean value ± SD (standard deviation) | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | Total |
Test (N patients = 20) | 1.1 ± 1.24 | 1.3 ± 0.98 | 0.25 ± 0.44 | 0 ± 0 | 1.55 ± 1.10 |
Control (N patients = 20) | 0.95 ± 1.05 | 1.8 ± 1.10 | 0.55 ± 0.60 | 0 ± 0 | 2.35 ± 1.18 |
p value | 0.49 | 0.0382 | 0.1735 | / | 0.0327 |
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Cosola, S.; Oldoini, G.; Boccuzzi, M.; Giammarinaro, E.; Genovesi, A.; Covani, U.; Marconcini, S. Amino Acid-Enriched Formula for the Post-Operative Care of Extraction Sockets Evaluated by 3-D Intraoral Scanning. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063302
Cosola S, Oldoini G, Boccuzzi M, Giammarinaro E, Genovesi A, Covani U, Marconcini S. Amino Acid-Enriched Formula for the Post-Operative Care of Extraction Sockets Evaluated by 3-D Intraoral Scanning. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(6):3302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063302
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosola, Saverio, Giacomo Oldoini, Michela Boccuzzi, Enrica Giammarinaro, Annamaria Genovesi, Ugo Covani, and Simone Marconcini. 2022. "Amino Acid-Enriched Formula for the Post-Operative Care of Extraction Sockets Evaluated by 3-D Intraoral Scanning" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6: 3302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063302