Analysis of the Coping Strategies of Primary Health Care Professionals: Cross-Sectional Study in a Large Brazilian Municipality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Type of Study
2.2. Sample and Participants
2.3. Procedures, Measurements, Variables and Outcome
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Professional Category | ||
Physician | 32 | 9.6 |
Nurse | 20 | 6.0 |
Nursing Auxiliary/Technician | 71 | 21.3 |
Community Health Agent | 210 | 63.1 |
Gender | ||
Male | 60 | 18.0 |
Female | 270 | 81.1 |
No answer | 3 | 0.9 |
Age Group (years) | ||
18 to 28 | 1 | 0.3 |
29 to 39 | 32 | 9.6 |
40 to 59 | 138 | 41.4 |
60 or more | 149 | 44.7 |
No answer | 13 | 3.9 |
Education | ||
High School | 149 | 44.7 |
Higher Education/Graduate | 184 | 55.3 |
Civil Status | ||
Married/Stable Union | 210 | 63.1 |
Single | 86 | 25.8 |
Separated | 28 | 8.4 |
Widowed | 9 | 2.7 |
Contract Type | ||
Government employee | 248 | 74.5 |
Hired | 80 | 24.1 |
No answer | 3 | 0.9 |
Weekly Work Hours | ||
20 h | 20 | 6.0 |
30 h | 8 | 2.4 |
40 h | 303 | 91.0 |
No answer | 2 | 0.6 |
Family Income (number of minimum wages *) | ||
Up to one | 23 | 6.9 |
Two to five | 189 | 56.8 |
Six to 10 | 66 | 19.8 |
More than 10 | 47 | 14.1 |
No answer | 8 | 2.4 |
Length of time working in PHC | ||
Up to two years | 126 | 37.8 |
>two and ≤five years | 56 | 16.8 |
>five and ≤10 years | 64 | 19.2 |
Over 10 years | 71 | 21.3 |
No answer | 16 | 4.8 |
Satisfied with Profession | ||
Yes | 259 | 77.8 |
No | 70 | 21.0 |
No answer | 4 | 1.2 |
Coping Strategy | Mean Score | Standard Deviation | 95% CI * | p-Value (t-Test) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Problem-focused | 3.8 | 0.66 | 3.7–3.9 | <0.001 |
Emotion-focused | 2.4 | 0.62 | 2.4–2.5 | |
Religious Practices/Fantastical Thinking | 3.2 | 0.78 | 3.1–3.3 | |
Pursuit of Social Support | 3.1 | 0.91 | 3.0–3.2 |
Coping Strategy | Problem-Focused | Emotion-Focused | Religious Practices/Fantastical Thinking | Pursuit of Social Support |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD *) | Mean (SD *) | Mean (SD *) | Mean (SD *) | |
Professional Category | ||||
Physician | 3.9 (1.5) | 3.6 (1.8) | 2.3 (1.9) | 3.0 (1.5) |
Nurse | 3.5 (1.4) | 3.6 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.4) | 3.7 (1.4) |
Nurse Auxiliary/Technician | 3.7 (1.3) | 4.0 (1.2) | 3.7 (1.2) | 3.7 (1.3) |
Community Health Agent | 3.8 (1.3) | 4.3 (1.4) | 4.2 (1.2) | 3.8 (1.3) |
p-value ** | 0.136 | 0.091 | <0.001 | 0.045 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 3.9 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.8) | 2.8 (1.0) |
Female | 3.8 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.9) |
p-value *** | 0.495 | 0.872 | 0.001 | 0.005 |
Age Group (years) | ||||
18 to 28 | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.5) |
29 to 39 | 3.3 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.5 (0.7) |
40 to 59 | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.7) |
60 or more | 3.4 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.8) |
p-value *** | 0.926 | 0.014 | 0.235 | 0.271 |
Education | ||||
High School | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.8 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.4) |
Higher Education/Graduate | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) |
p-value *** | 0.860 | 0.111 | <0.001 | 0.168 |
Family Income (number of minimum wages §) | ||||
Up to one | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.6 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.0) |
Two to five | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) |
Six to 10 | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8) |
More than 10 | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8) |
p-value ** | 0.701 | 0.259 | 0.001 | 0.290 |
Length of time working in PHC | ||||
Up to two years | 3.3 (0.6) | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.0) | 3.3 (1.4) |
> two and ≤ five years | 2.5 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.3) |
> five and ≤ 10 years | 2.2 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.3) |
Over 10 years | 2.2. (1.4) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.3) |
p-value ** | 0.184 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.795 |
Satisfied with Profession | ||||
Yes | 3.8 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.9) |
No | 3.8 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.9) |
p-value * | 0.921 | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.685 |
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Lourenção, L.G.; Rigino, B.M.; Sasaki, N.S.G.M.d.S.; Pinto, M.J.C.; Ximenes Neto, F.R.G.; Borges, F.A.; Santos, M.d.L.S.G.; Penha, J.G.M.; Galvão, D.M.; dos Santos, B.M.P.; et al. Analysis of the Coping Strategies of Primary Health Care Professionals: Cross-Sectional Study in a Large Brazilian Municipality. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063332
Lourenção LG, Rigino BM, Sasaki NSGMdS, Pinto MJC, Ximenes Neto FRG, Borges FA, Santos MdLSG, Penha JGM, Galvão DM, dos Santos BMP, et al. Analysis of the Coping Strategies of Primary Health Care Professionals: Cross-Sectional Study in a Large Brazilian Municipality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(6):3332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063332
Chicago/Turabian StyleLourenção, Luciano Garcia, Bruno Martinez Rigino, Natalia Sperli Geraldes Marin dos Santos Sasaki, Maria Jaqueline Coelho Pinto, Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto, Flávio Adriano Borges, Maria de Lourdes Sperli Geraldes Santos, José Gustavo Monteiro Penha, Daniela Menezes Galvão, Betânia Maria Pereira dos Santos, and et al. 2022. "Analysis of the Coping Strategies of Primary Health Care Professionals: Cross-Sectional Study in a Large Brazilian Municipality" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6: 3332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063332