Psychosocial Determinants of Stress Perceived among Polish Nursing Students during Their Education in Clinical Practice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Characteristics of the Study Group
2.2. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. The Determinants of the Intensity of Stress Experienced by the Participants
3.2. Correlation Analysis—Nonparametric Correlations (NONPAR CORR)
3.3. Regression Analysis by Input Method
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Limitation of the Study
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Lloyd-Penza, M.; Rose, A.; Roach, A. Using feedback to improve clinical education of nursing students in an academic-practice partnership. Teach. Learn. Nurs. 2019, 14, 125–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Asirifi, M.; Ogilvie, L.; Barton, S.; Aniteye, P.; Stobart, K.; Bilash, O.; Eliason, C.; Ansong, G.; Aziato, L.; Kwashie, A. Assessing challenges of clinical education in a baccalaureate nursing program in Ghana. J. Nurs. Educ. Pract. 2017, 7, 109–118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ahmari Tehran, H.; Gaeeni, M.; Rezaei, M.; Khoramirad, A.; Parizad, A. The challenges of clinical education in nursing: Aqualitative analysis of nursing students and clinical instructors’ perspectives. J. Nurs. Midwifery Sci. 2021, 8, 260–267. [Google Scholar]
- Dev Bhurtun, H.; Turunen, H.; Estola, M.; Saaranen, T. Changes in stress levels and coping strategies among Finnish nursing students. Nurse Educ. Pract. 2021, 50, 102958. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bodys-Cupak, I.; Grochowska, A.; Zalewska-Puchała, J.; Majda, A. Stress and coping strategies of medical students during their first clinical practice—A pilot study. Med. Stud. 2019, 35, 294–303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McCarthy, B.; Trace, A.; O’Donovan, M.; Brady-Nevin, C.; Murphy, M.; O’Shea, M.; O’Regan, P. Nursing and midwifery students’ stress and coping during their undergraduate education programmes: An integrative review. Nurse Educ. Today 2018, 61, 197–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Admi, H.; Moshe-Eilon, Y.; Sharon, D.; Mann, M. Nursing students’ stress and satisfaction in clinical practice along different stages: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ. Today 2018, 68, 86–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bilgic, S.; Celikkalp, U. Assessment of Nursing Students’ Stress Levels and Coping Strategies during Their First Clinical Experience. Clin. Exp. Health Sci. 2021, 11, 437–443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Gamal, E.; Alhosain, A.; Alsunaye, K. Stress and coping strategies among Saudi nursing students during clinical education. Perspect Psychiatr. Care 2018, 54, 198–205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Selye, H. Stress without Distress; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1976. [Google Scholar]
- Lazarus, R.S.; Folkman, S. Stress, Appraisal and Coping; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1984. [Google Scholar]
- Juczyński, Z.; Ogińska-Bulik, N. Narzędzia do Pomiaru Stresu i Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem; Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego: Warszawa, Poland, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Kupcewicz, E.; Grochans, E.; Kudačáková, H.; Mikla, M.; Jóźwik, M. Analysis of the relationship between stress intensity and coping strategy and the quality of life of nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. Int. J. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sharififard, F.; Asayesh, H.; Hosseini, M.H.M.; Sepahvandi, M. Motivation, self-efficacy, stress, and academic performance correlation with academic burnout among nursing students. J. Nurs. Mid. Sci. 2020, 7, 88–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ching, S.S.Y.; Cheung, K.; Hegney, D.; Rees, C.S. Stressors and coping of nursing students in clinical placement: A qualitative study contextualizing their resilience and burnout. Nurse Educ. Pract. 2020, 42, 102690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Durgun Ozan, Y.; Duman, M.; Çiçek, Ö.; Baksi, A. The effects of clinical education program based on Watson’s theory of human caring on coping and anxiety levels of nursing students: A randomized control trial. Persp. Psych. Care 2020, 56, 621–628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ícaro, J.S.R.; Rafael, P.; Ivna, V.F.; Bruno, G.D.O.; Cezar, A.C.; Eduardo, N.B. Stress and quality of life among university students: A systematic literature review. Health Prof. Educ. 2018, 4, 70–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bodys-Cupak, I.; Czubek, K.; Grochowska, A. Stress and sleep disorders in nursing students during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Frontiers in psychology. Front. Psychol. 2022, 12, 814176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bodys-Cupak, I.; Majda, A.; Kurowska, A.; Ziarko, E.; Zalewska-Puchała, J. Psycho-social components determining the strategies of coping with stress in undergraduate Polish nursing students. BMC Nurs. 2021, 20, 129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernández-Martínez, E.; López-Alonso, A.I.; Marqués-Sánchez, P.; Martínez-Fernández, M.C.; Sánchez-Valdeón, L.; Liébana-Presa, C. Emotional Intelligence, Sense of Coherence, Engagement and Coping: A Cross-Sectional Study of University Students’ Health. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6953. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Folkman, S.; Lazarus, R.S.; Dunkel-Schetter, C.; DeLongis, A.; Gruen, R.J. Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1986, 50, 992–1003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Topal Hançer, A.; Güler, N.; Süha, B.K. Nursing senior students’ perceived stress and stress coping behaviors. J. Nurs. Sci. 2019, 11, 347–356. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.S.; Hasson, F. Resilience, stress, and psychological well-being in nursing students: A systematic review. Nurse Educ. Today 2020, 90, 104440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cohen, S.; Kamarck, T.; Memelstain, R. A global measure of perceived stress. J. Health Soc. Behav. 1983, 24, 386–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schwarzer, R. Measurement of Perceived Self-Efficacy: Psychometric Scales for Cross-Cultural Research; Freie Universität Berlin, Intitute für Psychologie: Berlin, Germany, 1993. [Google Scholar]
- Juczyński, Z. Narzędzia Pomiaru w Promocji i Psychologii Zdrowia; Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego: Warszawa, Polska, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Rosenberg, M. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 1965. [Google Scholar]
- Łaguna, M.; Lachowicz-Kabaczek, K.; Dzwonkowska, I. Skala samooceny SES Morrisa Rosenberga—Polska adaptacja metody. Psychol. Społ. 2007, 2, 164–176. [Google Scholar]
- Diener, E.; Emmons, R.A.; Larson, R.J.; Griffin, S. The satisfaction with life scale. J. Pers. Assess. 1985, 49, 71–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Scheier, M.F.; Carver, C.S.; Bridges, M.W. Distinguishing optimism from neurotism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of life orientation test. J. Persp. Soc. Psychol. 1994, 67, 1063–1078. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salamonson, Y.; Bourgeois, S.; Everett, B.; Weaver, R.; Peters, K.; Jackson, D. Psychometric testing of the abbreviated clinical learning environment inventory (CLEI-19). J. Adv. Nurs. 2011, 67, 2668–2676. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bodys-Cupak, I. Psychometric properities of the Polish version of clinical learning environment inventory. BMC Nurs. 2021, 20, 126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- R Core Team R. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing; R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria, 2019; Available online: https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed on 19 August 2020).
- Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016. On the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data and the Repeal of Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R0679 (accessed on 7 January 2019).
- The Act of 10 May 2018 on the Protection of Personal Data. Dz.U. 2018 poz. 1000. Available online: http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20180001000 (accessed on 7 January 2019).
- Beanlands, H.; McCay, E.; Fredericks, S.; Newman, K.; Rose, D.; Santa Mina, E.; Schindel Martin, L.; Schwind, J.; Sidani, S.; Aiello, A.; et al. Decreasing stress and supporting emotional well-being among senior nursing students: A pilot test of an evidence-based intervention. Nurse Educ. Today 2019, 76, 222–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karacaa, A.; Yildirima, N.; Cangurb, S.; Acikgoza, F.; Akkusa, D. Relationship between mental health of nursing students and coping, selfesteem and social suport. Nurse Educ. Today 2019, 76, 44–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lavoie-Tremblay, M.; Sanzone, L.; Aub, T.; Paquet, M. Sources of Stress and Coping Strategies among Undergraduate Nursing Students Across All Years. Can. J. Nurs. Res. 2021, 30, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shaban, I.A.; Khater, W.A.; Akhu-Zaheya, L.M. Undergraduate nursing students’ stress sources and coping behaviours during their initial period of clinical training: A Jordanian perspective. Nurse Educ. Pract. 2012, 12, 204–209. [Google Scholar]
- Hamadi, H.Y.; Zakari, N.M.A.; Jibreel, E.; AL Nami, F.N.; Smida, J.A.S.; Ben Haddad, H.H. Stress and Coping Strategies among Nursing Students in Clinical Practice during COVID-19. Nurs. Rep. 2021, 11, 60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jang, S.H.; Lee, M.Y. Relationship between stress, self-efficacy and resilience among nursing students. J. Korea Entertain. Ind. Assoc. 2015, 9, 255–265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Orkaizagirre-Gómara, A.; Sánchez De Miguel, M.; Ortiz de Elguea, J.; Ortiz de Elguea, A. Testing general self-efficacy, perceived competence, resilience, and stress among nursing students: An integrator evaluation. Nurs. Health Sci. 2020, 22, 529–538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, H.J.; Kim, E.J. The Relationship among Self-Complexity, Depression, Perceived Stress, and Satisfaction with Life: The moderational effects of harmony and importance of self-aspects. Korean J Health Psych. 2016, 21, 173–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Labrague, L.J. Resilience as a mediator in the relationship between stress-associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in student nurses: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ. Pract. 2021, 56, 103182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rajan, F.A.; Babu, K. Perceived Stress and Optimism among Young Adults. Int. J. Ind. Psychol. 2021, 9, 173–178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mousavi, S.K.; Kamali, M. The relationship of nursing students’ personality with traits with their perceived stress in clinical environment. Nurs. Mid. Stud. 2021, 10, 278–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moon, H.; Jung, M. The relationshipbetween a disposition of gratitude, clinical stress, and clinicalsatisfaction in nursing students. Perspect Psychiatr. Care 2020, 56, 768–776. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jagoda, T.; Rathnayake, S. Perceived stress and learning environment among nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Collegian 2021, 28, 587–594. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) | Year of Study | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Year | 2nd Year | 3rd Year | ||||
The intensity of stress perceived by the students | Low intensity of perceived stress | N | 16 | 7 | 1 | 24 |
% | 13.0% | 6.1% | 1.4% | 7.8% | ||
Average level of perceived stress | N | 28 | 37 | 23 | 88 | |
% | 22.8% | 32.2% | 33.3% | 28.7% | ||
High level of perceived stress | N | 79 | 71 | 45 | 195 | |
% | 64.2% | 61.7% | 65.2% | 63.5% | ||
p | 0.0281 |
CLEI | Teacher Support in Learning (Total) | Satisfaction with Clinical Practice (Total) |
---|---|---|
M | 31.73 | 26.22 |
Me | 35.00 | 26.00 |
SD | 10.71 | 5.10 |
Min. | 12 | 11 |
Max. | 53 | 35 |
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) | Teacher Support in Learning (Total) | Satisfaction with Clinical Education (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|
poor results | M | 27.21 | 29.46 |
SD | 11.74 | 5.06 | |
average results | M | 33.42 | 26.02 |
SD | 10.50 | 4.89 | |
good results | M | 31.52 | 25.91 |
SD | 10.54 | 5.08 | |
Total | M | 31.73 | 26.22 |
SD | 10.71 | 5.10 | |
p | 0.0360 | 0.0085 |
GSES (Total) | SWLS (Total) | SES (Total) | LOT-R (Total) | Support Total | Satisfaction Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spearman’s Rho | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10 total) | rho | −167 | −0.376 | 0.214 | −0.389 | −0.026 | −0.071 |
p | 0.0034 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.649 | 0.212 | ||
N | 307 | 307 | 307 | 307 | 307 | 307 |
Coefficients | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regression Model | Non-Standardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | p | ||
B | SE | Beta | ||||
1 | (Constant) | 30.691 | 2.989 | 10.268 | 0.000 | |
Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES total) | 0.012 | 0.073 | 0.009 | 0.159 | 0.874 | |
Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS sum) | −0.262 | 0.055 | −0.283 | −4.768 | 0.000 | |
Self-Esteem Scale (SES total) | 0.052 | 0.065 | 0.045 | 0.808 | 0.419 | |
Life Orientation Test (LOT-R total) | −0.394 | 0.081 | −0.283 | −4.842 | 0.000 | |
Clinical Tutor Support | 0.023 | 0.005 | 0.058 | 1.056 | 0.292 | |
Satisfaction with the clinical education | 0.100 | 1.833 | 0.068 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Bodys-Cupak, I.; Ścisło, L.; Kózka, M. Psychosocial Determinants of Stress Perceived among Polish Nursing Students during Their Education in Clinical Practice. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063410
Bodys-Cupak I, Ścisło L, Kózka M. Psychosocial Determinants of Stress Perceived among Polish Nursing Students during Their Education in Clinical Practice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(6):3410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063410
Chicago/Turabian StyleBodys-Cupak, Iwona, Lucyna Ścisło, and Maria Kózka. 2022. "Psychosocial Determinants of Stress Perceived among Polish Nursing Students during Their Education in Clinical Practice" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6: 3410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063410