The Effect of Eight-Week Functional Core Training on Core Stability in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Measurements
2.4.1. Instruments and Testing Procedures
2.4.2. Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR) Test
2.4.3. Bent Knee Fall Out (BKFO) Test
2.4.4. Pelvic Tilt Test
2.4.5. Peak Height Velocity (PHV) Age
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | EG (n = 23) | CG (n = 21) | t-Test (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 10.52 ± 1.90 | 10.43 ± 1.78 | 0.874 |
Peak height velocity (PHV) (years) | 12.25 ± 0.55 | 12.23 ± 0.67 | 0.917 |
Years from PHV | −1.21 ± 1.41 | −1.10 ± 1.38 | 0.798 |
Height (m) | 1.44 ± 0.10 | 1.44 ± 0.11 | 0.801 |
Weight (kg) | 37.82 ± 9.83 | 38.2 ± 8.03 | 0.892 |
Body mass index (kg/m²) | 18.08 ± 2.56 | 18.06 ± 1.56 | 0.982 |
Gravity center height (m) | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.922 |
Exercises | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sets | Rep | Sets | Rep | Sets | Rep | Sets | Rep | Sets | Rep | Sets | Rep | Sets | Rep | Sets | Rep | |
Block 1 | ||||||||||||||||
Lateral hip bridge over bossu | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
Prone plank over ball | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
Plyometric jumps + RG balances | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 6 |
Plyometric double jumps + RG balances | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 6 |
Plyometric RG jumps with cones | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 8 |
Plyometric RG jumps + hurdles | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 8 |
RG balances over balance disc | 2 | 3 × 5″ | 2 | 3 × 5″ | 2 | 3 × 5″ | 2 | 3 × 5″ | 2 | 3 × 5″ | 2 | 3 × 10″ | 2 | 3 × 10″ | 2 | 3 × 10″ |
Block 2 | ||||||||||||||||
DJ + passe balance | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
DJ + arabesque balance | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
JDJ + passe balance | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
JDJ + arabesque balance | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
JDJ + side balance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
DJ + stag jump | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
DJ + scissors jump | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
DJ + split leap | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
Block 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Lateral plank arm straight | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
Lateral plank with elbows | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
Hip bridge with passé balance | 2 | 4 + 8″ | 2 | 4 + 8″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ |
Hip bridge with side balance | 2 | 4 + 8″ | 2 | 4 + 8″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ | 2 | 4 + 16″ |
Hip bridge with passé balance + bounces | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 |
Hip bridge with side balance + bounces | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 |
Passé balance + jumps | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 |
Arabesque balance + jumps | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 |
Side balance + jumps | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 |
EG | Apost-Pre | p-Value | CG | Apost-Pre | p-Value | p Value Time × Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre- | Post- | Pre- | Post- | ICC Random Components | |||||
BKFO Right | 10.4 [8.5;12.1] | 7.2 [5.4;9.0] | 0.69 medium | 0.01 * | 10.1 [8.2;11.9] | 9.5 [7.6;11.4] | 0.53 negligible | 0.64 | 0.14 |
0.13 | |||||||||
BKFO Left | 11.6 [9.7;13.4] | 8.6 [6.7;10.5] | 0.66 small | 0.01 * | 10.0 [8.0;11.9] | 9.5 [7.5;11.5] | 0.55 negligible | 0.69 | 0.15 |
0.22 | |||||||||
ASLR Right | 7.5 [4.7;10.2] | 6.6 [3.8;9.3] | 0.52 negligible | 0.59 | 10.9 [7.9;13.7] | 9.0 [6.1;11.8] | 0.44 negligible | 0.30 | 0.71 |
0.24 | |||||||||
ASLR Left | 6.9 [4.5;9.1] | 6.9 [4.6;9.4] | 0.49 negligible | 0.47 | 9.1 [6.7;11.5] | 9.7 [7.3;12.0] | 0.40 small | 0.33 | 0.78 |
0.22 | |||||||||
Pelvic Tilt Right | 103.4 [80.2;126.5] | 138.6 [115.4;161.7] | 0.29 medium | 0.001 ** | 97.3 [73.1;121.5] | 118.3 [94.0;142.5] | 0.38 small | 0.02 * | 0.24 |
0.74 | |||||||||
Pelvic Tilt Left | 95.5 [72.3;118.6] | 137.9 [114.7;161.1] | 0.25 large | 0.001 ** | 83.0 [58.7;107.2] | 114.6 [90.3;138.8] | 0.32 medium | 0.01 * | 0.52 |
0.49 |
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Cabrejas, C.; Solana-Tramunt, M.; Morales, J.; Campos-Rius, J.; Ortegón, A.; Nieto-Guisado, A.; Carballeira, E. The Effect of Eight-Week Functional Core Training on Core Stability in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063509
Cabrejas C, Solana-Tramunt M, Morales J, Campos-Rius J, Ortegón A, Nieto-Guisado A, Carballeira E. The Effect of Eight-Week Functional Core Training on Core Stability in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(6):3509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063509
Chicago/Turabian StyleCabrejas, Cristina, Mónica Solana-Tramunt, Jose Morales, Josep Campos-Rius, Alberto Ortegón, Ainhoa Nieto-Guisado, and Eduardo Carballeira. 2022. "The Effect of Eight-Week Functional Core Training on Core Stability in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts: A Randomized Clinical Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6: 3509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063509