Non-Fatal Occupational Injury Prevalence and Associated Factors in an Integrated Large-Scale Textile Industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Period
2.2. The Study Population
2.3. Study Variables
2.4. Data Collection Tool and Procedure
2.5. Data Quality Control
2.6. Data Analysis
2.7. Operational Definitions and Measurement
3. Results
3.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. Behavioral and Psychosocial Characteristics of Respondents
3.3. Work Environment Characteristics
3.4. Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries
3.5. Factors Associated with Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables Categories | Frequency (n = 291) | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 77 | 26.5 |
Female | 214 | 73.5 |
Age | ||
<30 | 171 | 58.8 |
≥30 | 120 | 41.2 |
Marital status | ||
Married | 115 | 39.5 |
Single/widow/divorced | 176 | 60.5 |
Educational Status | ||
less than Grade 8 | 99 | 34.0 |
Secondary school (9–12) | 128 | 44.0 |
Graduated from vocational school and above | 64 | 22.0 |
Service year | ||
<3 Years | 113 | 38.80 |
3–6 Years | 84 | 28.90 |
>6 Years | 94 | 32.30 |
Employment status | ||
Permanent worker | 271 | 93.1 |
Temporary/Contract worker | 20 | 6.9 |
Monthly net income in US Dollar | ||
≤35.5 | 109 | 37.5 |
35.51–75.0 | 152 | 52.2 |
>75.0 | 30 | 10.3 |
Variables Categories | Frequency (n = 291) | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use | ||
Yes | 57 | 19.6 |
No | 234 | 80.4 |
Reasons for non-use of PPE (n = 234) | ||
Unavailability | 184 | 78.6 |
Lack of training | 20 | 8.5 |
Discomfort | 14 | 6.0 |
Not required, not fitted to the body, limits work performance, etc. | 50 | 21.4 |
Self-reported job satisfaction | ||
Yes | 223 | 76.6 |
No | 68 | 23.4 |
Work-related stress | ||
Yes | 27 | 9.3 |
No | 264 | 90.7 |
Sleeping hours in a night | ||
<7 | 65 | 22.3 |
≥7 | 226 | 77.7 |
Variables Categories | Frequency (n = 291) | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|
Workplace | ||
Knitting | 18 | 6.2 |
Dying | 22 | 7.6 |
Garment | 178 | 61.2 |
Blanket | 66 | 22.7 |
Maintenance and mechanic | 7 | 2.4 |
Working hours per week | ||
≤48 h | 278 | 95.5 |
>48 h | 13 | 4.5 |
Adequate workspace | ||
Yes | 274 | 94.2 |
No | 17 | 5.8 |
Adequate light | ||
Yes | 286 | 98.3 |
No | 5 | 1.7 |
Obstacle-free floor | ||
Yes | 267 | 91.8 |
No | 24 | 8.2 |
Machine-based job | ||
Yes | 217 | 74.6 |
No | 74 | 25.4 |
Guarded machine | ||
Yes | 206 | 70.8 |
No | 85 | 29.2 |
Exposed to at least two hazards | ||
Yes | 100 | 34.4 |
No | 191 | 65.6 |
Occupational health and safety (OSH)policies and proceduresprotection | ||
Adequate | 25 | 8.6 |
Inadequate | 266 | 91.4 |
OSH awarenessprotection | ||
Adequate | 85 | 29.2 |
Inadequate | 206 | 70.8 |
OSH empowermentprotection | ||
Adequate | 60 | 20.6 |
Inadequate | 231 | 79.4 |
Variables | Frequency | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|
None-fatal occupational injury (n = 291) | ||
Yes | 32 | 11 |
No | 259 | 89 |
Occupational injury rate among section (n = 291) | ||
Knitting (n = 18) | 1 | 5.6 |
Dying (n = 22) | 5 | 22.7 |
Garment (n = 178) | 14 | 7.9 |
Blanket (n = 70) | 11 | 16.7 |
Utility (n = 7) | 1 | 14.3 |
Injury frequency (n = 32) | ||
One time | 30 | 10.3 |
Two and more | 2 | 0.7 |
Parts of the body affected (n = 32) | ||
Fingers | 15 | 46.9 |
Hand | 11 | 34.4 |
Foot | 3 | 9.4 |
Eye, Back, Knee | 3 | 9.4 |
Cause of injury (n = 32) | ||
Machine-based activities (operating of any machine) | 28 | 87.5 |
Non-machine-based activities (cleaning, sorting collecting product and maintenance) | 4 | 12.5 |
Variable Name | Injury Status (n = 291) | Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (%) | No (%) | |||
Sex | ||||
Male | 16 (20.8) | 61 (79.2) | 3.23 (1.53–6.87) * | 3.4 (1.13–10.5) * |
Female | 16 (7.5) | 198 (92.5) | 1 | 1 |
Age category | ||||
18–29 | 20 (11.7) | 151 (88.3) | 2.43 (0.69–8.49) | 6.69 (1.35–32.7) * |
30–45 | 9 (14.5) | 53 (85.5) | 0.78 (0.33–1.82) | 0.98 (0.34–2.84) |
>45 | 3 (5.2) | 55 (94.8) | 1 | 1 |
Marital Status | 1 | 1 | ||
Married | 17 (14.8) | 98 (85.20) | 1.86 (0.89–3.90) | 2.43 (0.94–6.27) |
Single/widowed/divorced | 15 (8.5) | 161 (91.50) | 1 | 1 |
Sleeping hour in a day | ||||
<7 | 11 (16.9) | 54 (83.1) | 1.99 (0.90–4.38) | 2.67 (1.03–6.97) * |
≥7 | 21 (9.3) | 205 (90.7) | 1 | 1 |
Workplace stress status | ||||
Yes | 54 (48.2) | 58 (51.8) | 2.00 (0.70–5.70) | 0.72 (0.18–2.90) |
No | 44 (40.0) | 66 (60.0) | 1 | 1 |
Job satisfaction status | ||||
Yes | 21 (9.4) | 202 (90.6) | 1 | |
No | 11 (16.2) | 57 (83.8) | 1.86 (0.85–4.08) | 0.55 (0.21–1.42) |
Work section | ||||
Knitting | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | 1 | 1 |
Dying | 5 (22.7) | 17 (77.3) | 2.83 (0.15–52.7) | 0.94 (0.03–33.1) |
Garment | 14 (7.9) | 164 (92.1) | 0.57 (0.56–5.88) | 0.34 (0.22–5.12) |
Blanket | 11 (16.7) | 55 (83.3) | 1.95 (0.22–17.38) | 0.38 (0.021–7.13) |
Utility | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) | 0.83 (0.09–7.63) | 0.39 (0.03–5.87) |
PPE availability | ||||
Yes | 12 (14.5) | 71 (85.5) | 1.59 (0.74–3.42) | 1.99 (0.72–5.44) |
No | 20 (9.6) | 188 (90.4) | 1 | 1 |
Machine-based Job | ||||
Yes | 28 (12.9) | 189 (87.1) | 2.60 (0.88–7.66) | 3.99 (1.05–15.2) * |
No | 4 (5.4) | 70 (94.6) | 1 | |
Obstacle-free floor | ||||
Yes | 25 (9.4) | 242 (90.6) | 1 | |
No | 7 (29.2) | 17 (70.8) | 3.99 (1.51–10.5) * | 5.87 (1.45–23.8) * |
Hazard exposure status | ||||
Yes | 26 (13.6) | 165 (86.4) | 1 | |
No | 6 (6.0) | 94 (94.0) | 2.47 (0.98–6.21) | 0.44 (0.16–1.19) |
Empowerment protection | ||||
Adequate | 3 (5.0) | 57 (95.0) | 1 | |
Inadequate | 29 (12.6) | 202 (87.4) | 2.73 (0.80–9.28) | 4.6 (1.01–20.9) * |
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Mulugeta, H.; Birile, A.; Ketema, H.; Tessema, M.; Thygerson, S.M. Non-Fatal Occupational Injury Prevalence and Associated Factors in an Integrated Large-Scale Textile Industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063688
Mulugeta H, Birile A, Ketema H, Tessema M, Thygerson SM. Non-Fatal Occupational Injury Prevalence and Associated Factors in an Integrated Large-Scale Textile Industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(6):3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063688
Chicago/Turabian StyleMulugeta, Hailemichael, Abyneh Birile, Hilina Ketema, Muluken Tessema, and Steven M. Thygerson. 2022. "Non-Fatal Occupational Injury Prevalence and Associated Factors in an Integrated Large-Scale Textile Industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6: 3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063688