Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Dependent Variables
2.3. Independent Variables
2.3.1. Diet Quality
2.3.2. Physical Activity
2.3.3. Normal Body Weight
2.3.4. Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS Score)
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Periodontal Diseases According to General Characteristics
3.2. Prevalence of Periodontal Diseases According to HLS Score
3.3. Association between HLS and Periodontal Diseases
3.4. Association between HLS Score and Periodontal Disease
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Periodontal Disease | p-Value ** | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||||
n | % * | n | % * | |||
Sex (n = 12,689) | Man | 3417 | 37.8 | 2128 | 52.1 | <0.001 |
Woman | 5291 | 62.2 | 1853 | 47.9 | ||
Age (n = 12,689) | 19–29 | 1501 | 17.8 | 61 | 1.7 | <0.001 |
30–39 | 1806 | 20.0 | 294 | 7.1 | ||
40–49 | 1768 | 19.8 | 647 | 15.2 | ||
50–59 | 1466 | 17.8 | 1005 | 26.4 | ||
≥60 | 2167 | 24.5 | 1974 | 49.6 | ||
House income (n = 12,656) | Low | 1331 | 15.1 | 1009 | 25.0 | <0.001 |
Middle low | 2011 | 22.8 | 1077 | 27.2 | ||
Middle high | 2552 | 29.1 | 992 | 25.1 | ||
High | 2796 | 33.0 | 888 | 22.7 | ||
Diabetes (n = 12,689) | Absence | 8134 | 93.7 | 3358 | 84.5 | <0.001 |
Presence | 574 | 6.3 | 623 | 15.5 | ||
Smoking (n = 12,571) | Non-smoker | 7344 | 85.4 | 2966 | 76.2 | <0.001 |
Smoker | 1292 | 14.6 | 969 | 23.8 | ||
Alcohol drinking (n = 12,580) | Non-drinker | 3921 | 49.8 | 520 | 46.8 | <0.001 |
Drinker | 4716 | 50.2 | 2113 | 53.2 |
HLS | n | % | Periodontal Diseases Prevalence | p-Value ** | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||||||
n | % * | n | % * | ||||
Diet quality | |||||||
No | 10,132 | 87.9 | 6643 | 87.6 | 3057 | 87.8 | 0.810 |
Yes | 1357 | 12.1 | 915 | 12.4 | 410 | 12.2 | |
Physical activity | |||||||
No | 7196 | 56.0 | 4500 | 52.5 | 2352 | 61.9 | <0.001 |
Yes | 5357 | 44.0 | 3832 | 47.5 | 1411 | 38.1 | |
Normal body weight | |||||||
Others | 8278 | 61.9 | 5185 | 58.9 | 2771 | 68.8 | <0.001 |
Normal | 4921 | 38.1 | 3523 | 41.1 | 1210 | 31.2 | |
HLS score | |||||||
0 | 3599 | 31.3 | 2091 | 27.3 | 1305 | 38.5 | <0.001 |
1 | 4992 | 45.9 | 3410 | 47.3 | 1424 | 43.6 | |
2 | 2129 | 20.2 | 1579 | 22.6 | 491 | 15.5 | |
3 | 269 | 2.6 | 192 | 2.9 | 76 | 2.4 |
HLS | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||
Low diet quality (Ref. Yes) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 1.33 (1.15–1.55) *** | 1.32 (1.13–1.55) ** |
Insufficient physical activity (Ref. Yes) | 1.47 (1.34–1.62) *** | 1.19 (1.07–1.32) ** | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) * |
Abnormal body weight (Ref. Normal) | 1.54 (1.40–1.69) *** | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) *** | 1.26 (1.14–1.40) *** |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||
HLS score 0 | 1.67 (1.22–2.29) ** | 1.58 (1.13–2.20) ** | 1.54 (1.10–2.15) * |
HLS score 1 | 1.09 (0.81–1.48) | 1.27 (0.93–1.75) | 1.24 (0.90–1.72) |
HLS score 2 | 0.81 (0.59–1.12) | 1.07 (0.76–1.50) | 1.05 (0.74–1.49) |
HLS score 3 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
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Hwang, S.-Y.; Jang, J.-H.; Park, J.-E. Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073871
Hwang S-Y, Jang J-H, Park J-E. Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):3871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073871
Chicago/Turabian StyleHwang, Su-Yeon, Jong-Hwa Jang, and Jung-Eun Park. 2022. "Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 3871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073871