Psychopathology and Alexithymia in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Development of a Novel Index with Prognostic Value
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample and Procedure
2.2. Assessment Instruments
2.3. Novel Psychopathology Index
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Novel Psychopathology Index
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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BDI | Somatization | Obsessive-Compulsive | Interpersonal Sensitivity | Depression | Anxiety | Hostility | Phobic Anxiety | Paranoid Ideation | Psychoticism | Psychopathology Index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) | |||||||||||
Gender | |||||||||||
Male (n = 61) | 6 (10.5) | 4.0 (8.0) | 6.0 (11.5) | 3.0 (7.5) | 5.0 (12.5) | 3.0 (5.5) | 2.0 (5.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | 3.0 (6.5) | 1.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (7.0) |
Female (n = 43) | 11.0 (12.0) | 9.0 (13.0) | 7.0 (15.0) | 7.0 (9.0) | 13.0 (14.0) | 6.0 (9.0) | 3.0 (6.0) | 2.0 (6.0) | 4.0 (9.0) | 4.0 (8.0) | 7.0 (6.0) |
p | 0.013 | 0.002 | 0.135 | 0.033 | 0.006 | 0.031 | 0.285 | 0.036 | 0.197 | 0.073 | 0.014 |
BMI | |||||||||||
Normal (n = 90) | 8.5 (11.0) | 5.0 (9.0) | 7.0 (11.0) | 4.0 (9.0) | 8.5 (15.0) | 4.0 (12.25) | 2.0 (10.5) | 1.0 (5.25) | 3.0 (12.5) | 2.0 (6.0) | 5.0 (8.0) |
Overweight (n = 14) | 8.0 (10.75) | 8.0 (20.0) | 7.0 (17.25) | 8.0 (14.0) | 12.0 (17.0) | 5.5 (6.0) | 2.5 (4.0) | 2.5 (7.25) | 5.5 (6.0) | 5.0 (8.5) | 7.0 (9.0) |
p | 0.580 | 0.735 | 0.664 | 0.303 | 0.489 | 0.585 | 0.668 | 0.360 | 0.258 | 0.168 | 0.371 |
Smoker | |||||||||||
No (n = 45) | 6.0 (13.0) | 5.0 (9.5) | 6.0 (7.0) | 3.0 (7.0) | 5.0 (15.0) | 3.0 (7.0) | 2.0 (5.0) | 0.0 (3.0) | 3.0 (4.0) | 1.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (7.5) |
Yes (n = 57) | 10.0 (10.5) | 6.0 (11.0) | 8.0 (12.5) | 7.0 (9.5) | 10.0 (14.5) | 5.0 (10.0) | 3.0 (5.5) | 2.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (8.0) | 3.0 (6.5) | 7.0 (7.5) |
p | 0.207 | 0.246 | 0.164 | 0.096 | 0.192 | 0.324 | 0.395 | 0.044 | 0.584 | 0.146 | 0.110 |
Comorbidities | |||||||||||
No (n = 45) | 9.0 (10.5) | 5.0 (10.5) | 7.0 (12.5) | 6.0 (11.5) | 9.0 (14.5) | 5.0 (7.5) | 4.0 (5.0) | 1.0 (4.0) | 4.0 (7.5) | 3.0 (6.5) | 7.0 (9.5) |
Yes (n = 56) | 7.0 (11.75) | 5.0 (8.5) | 5.0 (13.75) | 4.0 (7.75) | 8.0 (15.0) | 3.0 (9.0) | 2.0 (4.0) | 1.0 (4.5) | 3.0 (7.75) | 2.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (7.75) |
p | 0.94 | 0.686 | 0.596 | 0.411 | 0.962 | 0.484 | 0.32 | 0.813 | 0.361 | 0.306 | 0.429 |
Concomitant PsA | |||||||||||
No (n = 74) | 7.5 (10.5) | 5.0 (10.0) | 7.0 (13.5) | 4.0 (9.0) | 9.5 (15.25) | 4.0 (9.0) | 2.0 (6.0) | 1.0 (5.0) | 3.5 (8.0) | 2.0 (6.0) | 5.0 (8.0) |
Yes (n = 29) | 10.0 (13.5) | 8.0 (15.0) | 6.0 (9.5) | 5.0 (9.5) | 7.0 (15.0) | 4.0 (8.5) | 3.0 (6.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | 4.0 (6.5) | 4.0 (5.5) | 8.0 (8.0) |
p | 0.307 | 0.074 | 0.906 | 0.468 | 0.956 | 0.982 | 0.438 | 0.641 | 0.206 | 0.286 | 0.488 |
TAS-20 | |||||||||||
non-alexithymia (n = 68) | 5.0 (8.75) | 3.0 (6.5) | 4.5 (8.0) | 2.5 (7.0) | 3.5 (10.75) | 2.0 (4.75) | 2.0 (4.0) | 0.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (5.0) | 1.0 (4.0) | 2.5 (7.75) |
possible alexithymia or alexithymia (n = 36) | 16.5 (13.0) | 12.0 (14.75) | 16.0 (14.0) | 10.0 (13.5) | 19.0 (16.0) | 9.5 (11.75) | 4.5 (8.5) | 4.5 (7.5) | 7.5 (10.75) | 6.0 (9.75) | 9.5 (4.0) |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
BDI | Somatization | Obsessive-Compulsive | Interpersonal Sensitivity | Depression | Anxiety | Hostility | Phobic Anxiety | Paranoid Ideation | Psychoticism | Psychopathology Index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | −0.163 | −0.213 * | −0.248 * | −0.341 ** | −0.218 * | −0.261 ** | −0.291 ** | −0.197 * | −0.171 | −0.205 * | −0.239 * |
DIF | 0.653 ** | 0.650 ** | 0.651 ** | 0.648 ** | 0.702 ** | 0.667 ** | 0.529 ** | 0.526 ** | 0.513 ** | 0.557 ** | 0.685 ** |
DDF | 0.545 ** | 0.472 ** | 0.541 ** | 0.556 ** | 0.568 ** | 0.505 ** | 0.407 ** | 0.430 ** | 0.388 ** | 0.444 ** | 0.525 ** |
EOT | 0.104 | 0.106 | 0.024 | 0.015 | 0.066 | 0.089 | −0.011 | 0.130 | −0.032 | −0.021 | 0.035 |
TTL | 0.580 ** | 0.562 ** | 0.535 ** | 0.547 ** | 0.602 ** | 0.574 ** | 0.423 ** | 0.477 ** | 0.377 ** | 0.454 ** | 0.563 ** |
OR | 95 CI of OR | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Psychopathology index | DIF | 1.20 | 1.14–1.27 | <0.001 |
DDF | 1.21 | 1.13–1.29 | <0.001 | |
EOT | 1.08 | 0.93–1.07 | 0.982 | |
TTL | 1.08 | 1.05–1.11 | <0.001 | |
TAS-20 binary | 5.99 | 3.00–12.62 | <0.001 | |
Models are controlled for age and gender |
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Tsiori, S.; Rompoti, N.; Kontoangelos, K.; Papageorgiou, C.; Papageorgiou, C.; Stratigos, A.; Rigopoulos, D. Psychopathology and Alexithymia in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Development of a Novel Index with Prognostic Value. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4029. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074029
Tsiori S, Rompoti N, Kontoangelos K, Papageorgiou C, Papageorgiou C, Stratigos A, Rigopoulos D. Psychopathology and Alexithymia in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Development of a Novel Index with Prognostic Value. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):4029. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074029
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsiori, Sofia, Natalia Rompoti, Konstantinos Kontoangelos, Christos Papageorgiou, Charalabos Papageorgiou, Alexander Stratigos, and Dimitrios Rigopoulos. 2022. "Psychopathology and Alexithymia in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Development of a Novel Index with Prognostic Value" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 4029. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074029