Exploring Factors Contributing to the Smoking Behaviour among Hong Kong Chinese Young Smokers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Respondents
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Research Rigour
2.7. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
Factors Contributing to Smoking Behaviours
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age, Mean (SD) | 21.4 (2.8) |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 34 |
Female | 14 |
Education attainment | |
Primary or below | 6 |
Secondary | 10 |
Subdegree | 27 |
Tertiary | 5 |
Marital status | |
Single | 45 |
Cohabiting/divorced/separated/widowed | 1 |
Missing | 2 |
Employment status | |
Employed | 19 |
Full-time student | 27 |
Unemployed | 2 |
Types of tobacco used in the past 30 days | |
Traditional cigarettes | 27 |
Electronic cigarettes and/or heated tobacco products | 17 |
Dual users | 11 |
Daily cigarette consumption, mean (SD) | 8.2 (6.2) |
Nicotine Dependence by the Fagerstrom test (0–10) | |
Mild (0–3) | 28 |
Moderate (4–5) | 13 |
Severe (6–10) | 7 |
Age of starting smoking, mean (SD) | 15.8 (2.9) |
Duration of smoking, mean (SD) | 5.7 (3.4) |
Previous quit attempt(s) | |
Yes | 29 |
No | 1 |
Change in daily cigarette consumption after pandemic | |
Increase | 19 |
Decrease | 21 |
Maintain | 8 |
Stage of readiness to quit | |
Pre-contemplation | 28 |
Contemplation | 13 |
Preparation | 7 |
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Lam, K.-K.-W.; Ho, K.-Y.; Wu, C.-S.-T.; Tong, M.-N.; Tang, L.-N.; Mak, Y.-W. Exploring Factors Contributing to the Smoking Behaviour among Hong Kong Chinese Young Smokers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074145
Lam K-K-W, Ho K-Y, Wu C-S-T, Tong M-N, Tang L-N, Mak Y-W. Exploring Factors Contributing to the Smoking Behaviour among Hong Kong Chinese Young Smokers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):4145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074145
Chicago/Turabian StyleLam, Katherine-Ka-Wai, Ka-Yan Ho, Cynthia-Sau-Ting Wu, Man-Nok Tong, Lai-Ngo Tang, and Yim-Wah Mak. 2022. "Exploring Factors Contributing to the Smoking Behaviour among Hong Kong Chinese Young Smokers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 4145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074145