Relationship between Health-Related Physical Fitness Parameters and Functional Movement Screening Scores Acquired from a Three-Dimensional Markerless Motion Capture System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3. Body Composition Analysis
2.4. Cardiorespiratory Fitness
2.5. Functional Movement Screening
2.6. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specific Body Movement | Description of Movement |
---|---|
Shoulder Abduction and Adduction | Start with arms out in a T-position, then raise arms overhead and lower hands to sides. |
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction | Start with arms straight out in front of body, separating arms, reach back behind body, and return to the starting position. |
Shoulder Internal and External Rotation | Start with arms in a goalpost position, holding this position, rotate arms upward and back, followed by rotating arms forward and down. |
Shoulder Flexion and Extension | Start with arms to side and with palms facing inward, raise arms upward as far as possible and then back as far as possible. |
Trunk Rotation | Start with arms upward and in a goalpost position, the rotate as far as possible to the left and then as far as possible to the right, keeping hips in a forward position. |
Bilateral Squat | Start with feet forward and shoulder distance apart, and while holding a light bar directly above head, lower body downward as far as possible. |
Right Leg (Unilateral) Squat | Start by raising left foot off the ground and while balancing on the right leg, lower body down as far as possible on the standing leg and return to the starting position. |
Left Leg (Unilateral) Squat | Start by raising right foot off the ground and while balancing on the left leg, lower body down as far as possible on the standing leg and return to the starting position. |
Right Leg Lunge | Start with body and feet in a forward position, then take a big step forward with right foot only and lower body toward the ground. Return to the starting position. |
Left Leg Lunge | Start with body and feet in a forward position, then take a big step forward with left foot only and lower body toward the ground. Return to the starting position. |
Right Leg Balance | Start with body and feet in a forward position, then raise the left slightly off the ground. Standing on the right leg, balance body for 30 s. Hopping on one leg is allowed as long as left foot does not touch the ground. |
Left Leg Balance | Start with body and feet in a forward position, then raise the right leg slightly off the ground. Standing on the left leg, balance body for 30 s. Hopping on one leg is allowed as long as right foot does not touch the ground. |
Bilateral Standing Vertical Jump | Start with feet forward, legs straight and arms extended backwards as far as possible, then jump as high as possible off both legs. |
Right Unilateral Jump | Start with feet forward, legs straight and arms extended backwards as far as possible, raise left leg off ground then jump as high as possible off right leg. |
Left Unilateral Jump | Start with feet forward, legs straight and arms extended backwards as far as possible, raise right leg off ground then jump as high as possible off left leg. |
Concentric Jump | Start with feet forward, legs bent to a near 90 degree angle and arms extended backwards as far as possible, then jump as high as possible off both legs. |
Five Hops Right Leg | Start with feet forward, lift left leg to a near 90 degree angle, then jump as high as possible off right leg, five consecutive times. |
Five Hops Left Leg | Start with feet forward, right left leg to a near 90 degree angle, then jump as high as possible off left leg, five consecutive times. |
Depth Jump | Begin standing on the box. With either foot, step off the box landing on two feet. Immediately jump for height, spending as little time on the ground as possible. Arms may be used for upward momentum. |
Variables | All Participants | Male | Female | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 50.9 ± 10.3 | 50.9 ± 10.3 | 50.9 ± 10.6 | 0.990 |
Height (cm) | 177.3 ± 9.4 | 181.9 ± 6.4 | 166.1 ± 6.4 | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 84.8 ± 17.8 | 90.6 ± 15.1 | 70.4 ± 15.5 | <0.001 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 95.5 ± 13.2 | 98.6 ± 11.7 | 88.1 ± 14.2 | <0.001 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | 103.4 ± 8.9 | 103.6 ± 7.6 | 102.9 ± 11.2 | 0.430 |
Body Mass Index (kg·m2) | 26.9 ± 4.5 | 27.4 ± 4.0 | 25.5 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
Body Fat (%) | 28.8 ± 8.1 | 26.7 ± 7.3 | 34.0 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
VO2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) | 37.7 ± 6.6 | 39.6 ± 6.1 | 32.7 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (%) | 66.8 ± 20.2 | 68.7 ± 20.5 | 66.1 ± 20.1 | 0.310 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg·dL−1) | 50.7 ± 13.1 | 47.9 ± 11.0 | 57.8 ± 15.1 | <0.001 |
Readiness (a.u.) | 1257.5 ± 299.5 | 1332.5 ± 274.3 | 1070.8 ± 278.7 | <0.001 |
Explosiveness (a.u.) | 631.1 ± 169.5 | 685.7 ± 145.0 | 494.0 ± 148.2 | <0.001 |
Functionality (a.u.) | 790.5 ± 139.8 | 816.8 ± 130.1 | 724.8 ± 142.1 | <0.001 |
Dysfunction (a.u.) | 153.8 ± 72.0 | 160.7 ± 68.8 | 136.7 ± 77.3 | 0.010 |
Vulnerability (%) | 47.9 ± 12.0 | 46.7 ± 11.2 | 51.1 ± 13.2 | <0.001 |
Vulnerability | Readiness | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Coefficient | p-Value | Coefficient | p-Value |
Body Mass Index (kg·m−2) | −0.044 | 0.448 | −0.255 | <0.001 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | −0.030 | 0.602 | −0.255 | <0.001 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | −0.038 | 0.506 | −0.276 | <0.001 |
Body Fat (%) | 0.158 | 0.006 | −0.593 | <0.001 |
VO2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) | −0.186 | 0.001 | 0.637 | <0.001 |
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (%) | 0.069 | 0.235 | 0.273 | <0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg·dL−1) | 0.151 | 0.008 | −0.098 | 0.086 |
Functionality | Dysfunction | |||
Variable | Coefficient | p-Value | Coefficient | p-Value |
Body Mass Index (kg·m−2) | −0.311 | <0.001 | 0.059 | 0.300 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | −0.308 | <0.001 | 0.092 | 0.110 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | −0.316 | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.725 |
Body Fat (%) | −0.522 | <0.001 | −0.006 | 0.915 |
VO2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) | 0.554 | <0.001 | 0.064 | 0.269 |
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (%) | 0.333 | <0.001 | 0.069 | 0.235 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg·dL−1) | 0.016 | 0.788 | −0.029 | 0.614 |
Explosiveness | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | p-Value | ||
Body Mass Index (kg·m−2) | −0.124 | 0.031 | ||
Waist Circumference (cm) | −0.078 | 0.178 | ||
Hip Circumference (cm) | −0.171 | 0.003 | ||
Body Fat (%) | −0.569 | <0.001 | ||
VO2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) | 0.635 | <0.001 | ||
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (%) | 0.177 | 0.002 | ||
HDL-cholesterol (mg·dL−1) | −0.152 | 0.008 |
Vulnerability | Readiness | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Coefficient | p-Value | 95% CI | Coefficient | p-Value | 95% CI |
Sex | −1.076 | 0.043 | −7.31, 5.16 | 214.067 | <0.001 | 105.95, 322.18 |
Age at Testing (years) | 0.299 | 0.010 | 0.07, 0.52 | −13.499 | <0.001 | −17.41, −9.59 |
Body Mass Index (kg·m−2) | −0.129 | 0.757 | −0.95, 0.69 | 0.217 | 0.976 | −13.96, 14.40 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | −0.091 | 0.806 | −0.82, 0.64 | −5.860 | 0.362 | −18.49, 6.77 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | −0.184 | 0.645 | −0.97, 0.60 | −3.456 | 0.618 | −17.09, 10.18 |
Body Fat (%) | 0.293 | 0.073 | −0.03, 0.61 | −7.846 | 0.006 | −13.40, −2.30 |
VO2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) | 0.025 | 0.928 | −0.53, 0.58 | −1.533 | 0.754 | −11.15, 8.09 |
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (%) | 0.019 | 0.808 | −0.13, 0.17 | 3.371 | 0.012 | 0.76, 5.60 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg·dL−1) | 0.052 | 0.409 | −0.07, 0.17 | −2.536 | 0.020 | −4.67, −0.40 |
Constant | 34.531 | 0.035 | 2.54, 66.53 | 2337.686 | <0.001 | 1783.01, 2892.36 |
Functionality | Dysfunction | |||||
Variable | Coefficient | p-Value | 95% CI | Coefficient | p-Value | 95% CI |
Sex | 122.75 | <0.001 | 63.86, 1181.65 | 38.090 | 0.055 | −0.89, 77.07 |
Age at Testing (years) | −5.943 | <0.001 | −8.07, −3.81 | 0.178 | 0.803 | −1.23, 1.59 |
Body Mass Index (kg·m−2) | −2.285 | 0.561 | −10.01, 5.44 | 1.236 | 0.635 | −3.88, 6.35 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | −3.572 | 0.308 | −10.45, 3.31 | 0.228 | 0.922 | −4.33, 4.78 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | −1.801 | 0.634 | −9.23, 5.63 | −1.302 | 0.603 | −6.22, 3.62 |
Body Fat (%) | −0.904 | 0.557 | −3.93, 2.12 | 1.523 | 0.135 | −0.48, 3.52 |
VO2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) | −2.772 | 0.299 | −8.01, 2.47 | −0.293 | 0.868 | −3.76, 3.18 |
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (%) | 2.400 | 0.001 | 0.98, 3.82 | 0.727 | 0.130 | −0.21, 1.67 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg·dL−1) | −0.484 | 0.413 | −1.65, 0.68 | 0.116 | 0.768 | −0.65, 0.88 |
Constant | 1269.82 | <0.001 | 967.68, 1571.97 | 41.851 | 0.681 | −158.11, 241.81 |
Explosiveness | ||||||
Variable | Coefficient | p-Value | 95% CI | |||
Sex | 118.400 | <0.001 | 57.56, 179.24 | |||
Age at Testing (years) | −7.003 | <0.001 | −9.20, −4.80 | |||
Body Mass Index (kg·m−2) | 4.140 | 0.312 | −3.91, 12.19 | |||
Waist Circumference (cm) | 2.310 | 0.530 | −4.92, 9.54 | |||
Hip Circumference (cm) | −4.291 | 0.273 | −11.98, 3.39 | |||
Body Fat (%) | −6.593 | <0.001 | −9.72, −3.47 | |||
VO2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) | 0.879 | 0.748 | −4.51, 6.27 | |||
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (%) | 1.305 | 0.080 | −0.16, 2.77 | |||
HDL-cholesterol (mg·dL−1) | −0.773 | 0.218 | −2.00, 0.46 | |||
Constant | 987.354 | <0.001 | 672.01, 1302.70 |
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Cabarkapa, D.; Whetstone, J.M.; Patterson, A.M.; Mosier, E.M.; Cabarkapa, D.V.; Fry, A.C. Relationship between Health-Related Physical Fitness Parameters and Functional Movement Screening Scores Acquired from a Three-Dimensional Markerless Motion Capture System. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084551
Cabarkapa D, Whetstone JM, Patterson AM, Mosier EM, Cabarkapa DV, Fry AC. Relationship between Health-Related Physical Fitness Parameters and Functional Movement Screening Scores Acquired from a Three-Dimensional Markerless Motion Capture System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(8):4551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084551
Chicago/Turabian StyleCabarkapa, Dimitrije, Joseph M. Whetstone, Aaron M. Patterson, Eric M. Mosier, Damjana V. Cabarkapa, and Andrew C. Fry. 2022. "Relationship between Health-Related Physical Fitness Parameters and Functional Movement Screening Scores Acquired from a Three-Dimensional Markerless Motion Capture System" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8: 4551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084551