Placental Cyclophilin A Expression in Pregnancies Complicated with Hypertension
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. CyPA Immunohistochemistry
2.2. CyPA Immunostaining Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Maternal Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Adverse Perinatal Outcomes between Hypertensive and Normotensive Mothers
3.3. Cyclophilin A Expression in Different Types of Placental Cells
3.4. Cyclophilin A Expression with Maternal Complications and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
3.5. Cyclophilin A and Placental Histological Changes Related to Hypertension
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Maternal Clinical Parameters | Hypertensive n (%) | Normotensive n (%) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
<35 years old | 26 (74.3) | 29 (82.9) | 0.56 |
>35 years old | 9 (25.7) | 6 (17.1) | |
Gestational age ⸸ | |||
Range (weeks) | 26–40 | 37–41 | |
Mean (weeks) | 35.1 | 38.8 | <0.0001 * |
Median (weeks) | 36 | 39 | |
SD | 4.0 | 1.2 | |
Hypertension in previous pregnancy | |||
Yes | 4 (11.4) | 0 (0) | 0.11 |
No | 31 (88.6) | 35 (100) | |
Type of delivery | |||
SVD | 5 (14.3) | 28 (80.0) | <0.0001 * |
Lower segment caesarean section | 30 (85.7) | 6 (17.1) | |
Instrumental (forceps/vacuum) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | |
Adverse perinatal outcomes | |||
Stillbirth | |||
Yes | 34 (97.1) | 35 (100) | 0.314 |
No | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | |
Prematurity | |||
Yes | 20 (57.1) | 1 (2.9) | <0.001 * |
No | 15 (42.9) | 34 (97.1) | |
APGAR score at 1 min | |||
≥7 | 26 (74.3) | 35 (100) | 0.001 * |
<7 | 9 (25.7) | 0 (0) | |
APGAR score at 5 min | |||
≥7 | 31(88.6) | 35 (100) | 0.039 * |
<7 | 4 (11.4) | 0 (0) | |
Admission to nicu | |||
Yes | 17 (48.6) | 0 (0) | <0.001 * |
No | 18 (51.4) | 35 (100) |
Placental Cell Types | Cyclophilin A Expression | Hypertensive (n = 35) (%) | Normotensive (n = 35) (%) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fetal endothelial cells | Positive | 18 (51.4) | 10 (28.6) | 0.0869 |
Negative | 17 (48.6) | 25 (71.4) | ||
Cytotrophoblast | Positive | 18 (51.4) | 10 (28.6) | 0.0869 |
Negative | 17 (48.6) | 25 (71.4) | ||
Maternal endothelial cells | Positive | 22 (62.9) | 20 (57.1) | 0.235 |
Negative | 10 (28.4) | 7 (20.0) | ||
NA | 3 (8.6) | 8 (22.9) | ||
Syncytiotrophoblast | Positive | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
Negative | 35 | 35 | ||
Decidual cells | Positive | 35 | 35 | 1.0 |
Negative | 0 | 0 |
Cyclophilin A Expression | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Complications | Fetal Endothelial Cells | p Value | Cytotrophoblasts | p Value | Maternal Endothelial Cells | p Value | ||||
Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | NA | ||||
Eclampsia | ||||||||||
Yes | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 0.4101 | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 0.4101 | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
No | 26 (78.8) | 7 (21.2) | 26 (78.8) | 7 (21,2) | 26 (78.8) | 4 (12.2) | 3 (10.0) | |||
Acute kidney injury | ||||||||||
Yes | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | 0.2286 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | 0.2286 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
No | 27 (79.4) | 7 (20.6) | 27 (79.4) | 7 (20.6) | 27 (79.4) | 4 (11.8) | 3 (8.8) | |||
HELPP | ||||||||||
Yes | 2 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | 2 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (50.0) | 1.0 |
No | 25 (75.8) | 8 (24.2) | 25 (75.8) | 8 (24.2) | 27 (81.8) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (6.1) | |||
Maternal mortality | ||||||||||
Yes | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
No | 26 (76.5) | 8 (23.5) | 26 (76.5) | 8 (23.5) | 27 (79.4) | 4 (11.8) | 3 (8.8) | |||
Adverse perinatal outcomes | ||||||||||
Stillbirth | ||||||||||
Yes | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 |
No | 26 (76.5) | 8 (23.5) | 26 (76.5) | 8 (23.5) | 27 (79.4) | 4 (11.8) | 3 (8.8) | |||
Prematurity | ||||||||||
Yes | 15 (75.0) | 5 (25.0) | 1.0 | 15 (75.0) | 5 (25.0) | 1.0 | 16 (80.0) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.545 |
No | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 12 (80.0) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (13.3) | |||
APGAR score at 1 min | ||||||||||
≥7 | 18 (69.2) | 8 (30.8) | 0.0815 | 18 (69.2) | 8 (30.8) | 0.0815 | 22 (84.6) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (3.9) | 1.0 |
<7 | 9 (100) | 0 (0) | 9 (100) | 0 (0) | 6 (66.7) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (22.2) | |||
APGAR score at 5 min | ||||||||||
≥7 | 23 (74.2) | 8 (34.8) | 0.5531 | 23 (74.2) | 8 (34.8) | 0.5531 | 26 (83.9) | 3 (9.7) | 2 (6.5) | 0.3395 |
<7 | 4 (100) | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | 0 (0) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (25.0) | |||
Admission to nicu | ||||||||||
Yes | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) | 0.4430 | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) | 0.4430 | 14 (82.4) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (5.8) | 1.0 |
No | 15 (83.3) | 3 (16.7) | 15 (83.3) | 3 (16.7) | 14 (77.8) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (11.1) |
Cyclophilin A Expression | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fetal Endothelial Cells | p Value | Cytotrophoblasts | p Value | Maternal Endothelial Cells | p Value | |||||
Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | NA | ||||
Acute atherosis | ||||||||||
Yes | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) | 1.0 | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) | 1.0 | 8 (80.0) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (10.0) | 1.0 |
No | 19 (76.0) | 6 (24.0) | 19 (76.0) | 6 (24.0) | 20 (71.4) | 3 (75.0) | 2 (66.7) | |||
Retention of smooth muscles in the maternal wall | ||||||||||
Yes | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.2) | 1.0 | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.2) | 1.0 | 4 (57.1) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (28.6) | 0.512 |
No | 21 (75.0) | 7 (25.0) | 21 (75.0) | 7 (25.0) | 24 (85.7) | 3 (10.7) | 1 (3.6) | |||
Increased syncytial knot formations | ||||||||||
Yes | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | 0.1163 | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | 0.1163 | 16 (72.8) | 3 (13.6) | 3 (13.6) | 0.6291 |
No | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 12 (92.3) | 1 (7.7) | 0 |
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Shaaya, E.S.; Yahaya, A.; Mustangin, M.; Alfian, N.; Aizuddin, A.N.; Wong, Y.P.; Tan, G.C. Placental Cyclophilin A Expression in Pregnancies Complicated with Hypertension. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095448
Shaaya ES, Yahaya A, Mustangin M, Alfian N, Aizuddin AN, Wong YP, Tan GC. Placental Cyclophilin A Expression in Pregnancies Complicated with Hypertension. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095448
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaaya, Elia Shazniza, Azyani Yahaya, Muaatamarulain Mustangin, Nurwardah Alfian, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, Yin Ping Wong, and Geok Chin Tan. 2022. "Placental Cyclophilin A Expression in Pregnancies Complicated with Hypertension" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095448