Strategy to Promote the Biodegradation of Phenanthrene in Contaminated Soil by a Novel Bacterial Consortium in Slurry Bioreactors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Soil
2.3. Activated Sludge Domestication
2.4. Reactor Configuration and Operation
- (1)
- Natural soil + MZJ_21: Firstly, we accurately weighed 200 g of natural soil with phenanthrene concentration of 200 mg/kg and added it to the aerobic slurry bioreactor. Secondly, we accurately measured 360 mL of inorganic salt medium and 40 mL MZJ_21 bacteria liquid, mixed them evenly, and put the mixture into the aerobic slurry bioreactor. The water–soil ratio in the aerobic slurry bioreactor was 2:1.
- (2)
- Natural soil: Firstly, we accurately weighed 200 g of natural soil with phenanthrene concentration of 200 mg/kg and added it to the aerobic slurry bioreactor. Secondly, we accurately measured 400 mL of inorganic salt medium and put it into the aerobic slurry bioreactor. The water–soil ratio in the aerobic slurry bioreactor was 2:1.
- (3)
- Sterile soil: Firstly, the soil samples used for the tests were sterilized at 121 °C for 30 min. Secondly, we accurately weighed 200 g of sterile soil with phenanthrene concentration of 200 mg/kg and added it to the aerobic slurry bioreactor. The phenanthrene content and soil–water ratio were the same as those in step (2).
2.5. Extraction Method of Phenanthrene
2.5.1. Solid Phase
2.5.2. Liquid Phase
2.6. Extraction Methods of EPS
2.7. Analysis Methods
2.7.1. Determination of Phenanthrene
2.7.2. Fluorescent Component of EPS
2.7.3. Microbial Diversity Analysis
2.7.4. Analysis of Other Indicators
3. Results
3.1. Degradation of Phenanthrene in Aerobic Slurry Bioreactor
3.2. Distribution of Phenanthrene in the Aerobic Slurry Bioreactor
3.3. Effect of Extracellular Polymers on the Degradation Rate of Phenanthrene
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sterilized Soil | Natural Soil | Natural Soil + MZI_21 | |
---|---|---|---|
Liquid phase (CFU/mL) | 3.65 ± 0.04 × 103 | 3.78 ± 0.16 × 105 | 6.45 ± 0.23 × 105 |
Solid phase (CFU/g) | 2.02 ± 0.07 × 103 | 1.11 ± 0.33 × 107 | 6.25 ± 0.36 × 107 |
Sample | Sobs | Shannon | Simpson | ACE | Chao | Coverage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MZJ_21 | 377 | 3.159 | 0.0849 | 489.159 | 484.018 | 0.997 |
Natural Soil | 1493 | 5.697 | 0.0122 | 1633.885 | 1643.707 | 0.994 |
MZJ_21 + Natural Soil | 949 | 4.1001 | 0.0415 | 1318.331 | 1362.255 | 0.989 |
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Jiang, X.; Mao, Z.; Zhong, L.; Yu, J.; Tang, Y. Strategy to Promote the Biodegradation of Phenanthrene in Contaminated Soil by a Novel Bacterial Consortium in Slurry Bioreactors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095515
Jiang X, Mao Z, Zhong L, Yu J, Tang Y. Strategy to Promote the Biodegradation of Phenanthrene in Contaminated Soil by a Novel Bacterial Consortium in Slurry Bioreactors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095515
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Xuyang, Zhen Mao, Licun Zhong, Jinbiao Yu, and Yan Tang. 2022. "Strategy to Promote the Biodegradation of Phenanthrene in Contaminated Soil by a Novel Bacterial Consortium in Slurry Bioreactors" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095515