Abutment Pressure Distribution Law and Support Analysis of Super Large Mining Height Face
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Analysis of the Abutment Pressure Distribution Law of Super Large Mining Height Face
2.1. Spatial Structure of Abutment Pressure Development and Change
2.1.1. The First Stage of the Development and Change of Abutment Pressure—Coal Wall Maintains Elastic Supporting Capacity
2.1.2. The Second Stage of the Development and Change of Abutment Pressure—Coal Wall Loses Elastic Supporting Capacity
2.1.3. The Third Stage of the Development and Change of Abutment Pressure—Formation of Internal and External Stress Fields
2.2. Distribution Range of Coal Wall Abutment Pressure around the Working Face
2.2.1. Bearing Pressure Distribution Range
2.2.2. Internal and External Stress Field Range
3. The Actual Measurement of the Mine Pressure on the Super Large Mining Height Face
3.1. Project Overview
3.2. Theoretical Calculation of Abutment Pressure Distribution Range
3.3. Measuring Point Layout
- (1)
- The abutment pressure monitor for the roadway on the side of the 108 working face is equipped with five measuring stations. The first measuring station is arranged on the side of the solid coal 200 m and 300 m away from the open cut. The depths are 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m, and the spacing is 1 m.
- (2)
- The third station, the fourth station, and the fifth station are arranged at 250 m, 330 m, and 375 m away from the open cut hole. Each station has 4 measuring points, and the hole depths are 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, spacing 1 m.
- (3)
- Holes are drilled horizontally, and the hole diameter is between 46 mm.
- (4)
- The hole height is 1.5 m from the bottom plate.
3.4. Test Results
4. Numerical Simulation of Supporting Structure of Super Large Mining Height Working Face
4.1. Numerical Model Establishment
4.2. Simulation Results
4.2.1. Roadway Deformation Analysis
4.2.2. Force Analysis of Supporting Structure
4.2.3. Supporting Design Suggestions
- (1)
- With the advancement of the working face, the deformation value near the vault is the largest, and the maximum value is 20.5 mm. The farther away from the center of the vault, the smaller the deformation of the surrounding rock. The bolt force is closely related to the deformation of the surrounding rock. The anchor rod is relatively small; thus, it is recommended that the anchor rod of the top arch should be appropriately close to the center of the dome.
- (2)
- The deformation of the surrounding rock is small, and the plastic zone of the surrounding rock is not deep; thus, the bolts are not stressed. Therefore, you can consider adjusting the distance between the rebar and FRP bolts from 1000 mm to 1200 mm.
- (3)
- Since the deformed vault of the surrounding rock is relatively large and the two sides are relatively small, the two sides are relatively stable. Therefore, it can be considered to appropriately reduce the height of the hanging nets at the two sides of 1 m.
- (4)
- The depth of the plastic zone is 1.8 m, and the larger deformation of the rock mass mainly occurs in the plastic zone. The force of the prestressed anchor cable is only 140.85 KN, which can appropriately reduce the length of the prestressed anchor cable to 5.5–6 m.
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- During the mining process of a shallow coal seam with a large mining height face, the abutment pressure and its apparent changes can be divided into: the coal wall maintains its elastic supporting capacity, the coal wall loses its elastic supporting capacity, and the internal and external stress fields are formed.
- (2)
- Use elastic mechanics, mine pressure, and rock formation control theory to establish a three-dimensional structural mechanics’ model of stope abutment pressure, and calculate the internal and external stress field range of the abutment pressure according to the model. The range of abutment pressure (Sx) is 234 m, the range of leading pressure (Sp) is 47 m, the range of internal stress field (S0) is 5.5 m, and the range of the leading pressure peak position is 15–20 m.
- (3)
- According to the data of the coal body measurement points on both sides of the working face along the channel, the results demonstrate that the bearing pressure influence range is 234 m, the internal stress field range is 5.5 m, and the 10–15 m range should be in the coal pillar side outward stress field range. The obvious influence range is 47–60 m, and the peak position of the leading pressure influence is 15–20 m.
- (4)
- Establish a numerical model of roadway deformation and support structure forces, and optimize the design of roadway support parameters according to the simulation results. You can consider adjusting the spacing between rebar and FRP bolts from 1000 mm to 1200 mm; the roof prestressed the anchor cables. The length can be appropriately reduced to 5.5–6 m according to the roof lithology.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Project | Range/m |
---|---|
Abutment pressure (Sx) | 234 |
Leading pressure (Sp) | 47 |
Internal stress field (S0) | 5.5 |
Leading pressure peak position | 15–20 |
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Zhang, L.; Shen, W.; Li, X.; Wang, Y.; Qin, Q.; Lu, X.; Xue, T. Abutment Pressure Distribution Law and Support Analysis of Super Large Mining Height Face. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010227
Zhang L, Shen W, Li X, Wang Y, Qin Q, Lu X, Xue T. Abutment Pressure Distribution Law and Support Analysis of Super Large Mining Height Face. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010227
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Libo, Wenlong Shen, Xuelong Li, Yabo Wang, Qizhi Qin, Xutao Lu, and Tianxi Xue. 2023. "Abutment Pressure Distribution Law and Support Analysis of Super Large Mining Height Face" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010227