Migration and Transformation of Cd in Pig Manure–Insect Frass (Hermetia illucens)–Soil–Maize System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pig Manure Transformation by BSFL
2.2. Maize Growing Test
2.3. Determination Methods
2.4. Data Statistical Analysis
3. Result and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Cd on Production Performance of BSFL
3.2. Cd Contents in Pig Manure, BSFL Bodies, and BSFL Frass
3.3. Effects of BSFL Frass Application on Maize Growth Parameters
3.4. Cd Contents in Soil, and Aboveground and Underground Parts of Maize
3.5. Speciation of Cd in Pig Manure, BSFL Frass, and Soil
3.6. Migration of Cd in Pig Manure–BSFL Frass–Soil–Maize System
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Fresh Weight of Obtained BSFL (kg) | Dry Weight of Obtained BSFL (kg) | Dry Weight of BSFL Frass (kg) |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 2.59 ± 0.08a | 0.70 ± 0.016a | 5.47 ± 0.26a |
Cd-3 | 2.71 ± 0.06a | 0.73 ± 0.022a | 5.34 ± 0.13a |
Cd-15 | 2.73 ± 0.08a | 0.74 ± 0.022a | 5.35 ± 0.12a |
Cd-30 | 2.69 ± 0.06a | 0.73 ± 0.034a | 5.37 ± 0.13a |
Treatment | Plant Height (cm) | Chlorophyll (SPAD) | Photosynthetic Rate (μmol/(m2·s)) | Dry Weight of Aboveground Parts (g) | Dry Weight of Aboveground Parts (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK0 | 103.6 ± 3.4b | 15.6 ± 0.5c | 17.5 ± 2.1c | 34.8 ± 2.2c | 6.5 ± 0.9c |
CK | 148.8 ± 5.3a | 25.7 ± 1.6a | 30.5 ± 3.8a | 94.3 ± 7.5a | 19.3 ± 1.5a |
Cd-3 | 146.6 ± 5.8a | 25.3 ± 1.6a | 30.8 ± 2.4a | 93.6 ± 8.9a | 19.0 ± 1.0a |
Cd-15 | 150.5 ± 2.0a | 25.4 ± 1.3a | 30.7 ± 2.1a | 93.9 ± 5.0a | 18.9 ± 1.4a |
Cd-30 | 143.3 ± 5.2a | 22.4 ± 0.7b | 24.2 ± 3.0b | 76.7 ± 8.6b | 16.2 ± 1.3b |
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Wang, X.; Wu, N.; Ma, Y.; Wang, Z.; Cai, R.; Xu, X. Migration and Transformation of Cd in Pig Manure–Insect Frass (Hermetia illucens)–Soil–Maize System. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010060
Wang X, Wu N, Ma Y, Wang Z, Cai R, Xu X. Migration and Transformation of Cd in Pig Manure–Insect Frass (Hermetia illucens)–Soil–Maize System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):60. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010060
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xiaobo, Nan Wu, Ye Ma, Zhiqiang Wang, Ruijie Cai, and Xiaoyan Xu. 2023. "Migration and Transformation of Cd in Pig Manure–Insect Frass (Hermetia illucens)–Soil–Maize System" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010060