Bacterial Community Characteristics Shaped by Artificial Environmental PM2.5 Control in Intensive Broiler Houses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Broiler House Structure and Daily Management
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification
2.4. Illumina MiSeq Sequencing
2.5. Processing of Sequencing Data
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Variation in Environmental Control Variables and PM2.5 Concentrations
3.2. Variation in Airborne Bacterial Community Structure of PM2.5 throughout the Rearing Cycle
3.3. Effects of Environmental Control Variables on the Bacterial Community Structure in PM2.5 Samples
3.4. Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Community in Feces and PM2.5
3.5. Potential Pathogens in Airborne PM2.5
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PM2.5 | Temperature | Humidity | NH3 | CO2 | Wind | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chao | R2 | 0.0048 | 0.1759 | 0.0080 | 0.1078 | 0.0960 | 0.0964 |
p-value | 0.8595 | 0.2611 | 0.8190 | 0.3882 | 0.4173 | 0.4161 | |
Shannon | R2 | 0.1105 | 0.4878 | 0.2299 | 0.3592 | 0.4019 | 0.3729 |
p-value | 0.3821 | 0.0364 * | 0.1916 | 0.0881 | 0.0667 | 0.0807 |
D10 | D24 | D38 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Enterococcus | 9.56 ± 1.94 a | 2.17 ± 0.11 b | 1.02 ± 0.08 b | 0.003 |
Corynebacterium | 0.67 ± 0.27 b | 0.87 ± 0.02 b | 9.94 ± 2.56 a | 0.007 |
Staphylococcus | 1.23 ± 0.01 | 1.51 ± 0.14 | 1.00 ± 0.28 | 0.221 |
Streptococcus | 2.30 ± 0.79 a | 0.34 ± 0.10 b | 0.31 ± 0.07 b | 0.035 |
Acinetobacter | 1.60 ± 0.62 | 0.82 ± 0.31 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.188 |
Escherichia-Shigella | 0.18 ± 0.04 a | 0.26 ± 0.02 a | 0.07 ± 0.01 b | 0.007 |
Bacteroides | - b | 0.30 ± 0.10 a | 0.14 ± 0.06 a | 0.052 |
Pseudomonas | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0 | 0.208 |
Total | 15.68 ± 0.68 a | 6.37 ± 0.49 b | 12.92 ± 2.76 a | 0.019 |
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Wang, W.; Dang, G.; Khan, I.; Ye, X.; Liu, L.; Zhong, R.; Chen, L.; Ma, T.; Zhang, H. Bacterial Community Characteristics Shaped by Artificial Environmental PM2.5 Control in Intensive Broiler Houses. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010723
Wang W, Dang G, Khan I, Ye X, Liu L, Zhong R, Chen L, Ma T, Zhang H. Bacterial Community Characteristics Shaped by Artificial Environmental PM2.5 Control in Intensive Broiler Houses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010723
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Wenxing, Guoqi Dang, Imran Khan, Xiaobin Ye, Lei Liu, Ruqing Zhong, Liang Chen, Teng Ma, and Hongfu Zhang. 2023. "Bacterial Community Characteristics Shaped by Artificial Environmental PM2.5 Control in Intensive Broiler Houses" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010723