Athletes Perceived Level of Risk Associated with Botanical Food Supplement Use and Their Sources of Information
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Survey Questions
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics
3.2. Types of FS and BFS Used by Athletes
3.3. Sources of Information about Botanical Food Supplements
3.4. Perceived Level of Risk Associated with Taking BFS Products
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Any Supplement User * (n = 129) | Non-Supplement User (n = 88) | Chi-Square Test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | N | % | N | % | p-Value |
Athlete type | |||||
Elite | 33 | 27 | 22 | 25 | <0.01 |
Amateur | 96 | 74 | 66 | 75 | |
Sex | |||||
Male | 68 | 53 | 43 | 49 | 0.43 |
Female | 61 | 47 | 44 | 50 | |
Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
Age (years) | |||||
18–24 | 43 | 33 | 41 | 47 | 0.22 |
25–30 | 36 | 28 | 21 | 24 | |
31–39 | 32 | 25 | 17 | 19 | |
≥40 | 18 | 14 | 8 | 9 | |
Highest achievement at competition level | |||||
Club level (regional, national, community games) | 65 | 50 | 50 | 57 | 0.46 |
National championships | 28 | 22 | 13 | 15 | |
International championships | 35 | 27 | 23 | 26 | |
World Medallist | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 2 | |
Type of sport | |||||
Athletics and triathlon | 34 | 26 | 16 | 18 | 0.29 |
Gaelic games | 36 | 28 | 27 | 31 | |
Outdoor field sport | 18 | 14 | 23 | 26 | |
Indoor court sport | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
Cycling | 9 | 7 | 6 | 7 | |
Swimming/Para swimming | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Rowing | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | |
Other | 20 | 16 | 7 | 8 |
Source of Information | Would Use This Source? Yes/No | Total Athletes Reported (%) | Mean Level of Perceived Risk from 1–10 (SD) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coach | Yes | 38 | 3.5 (2.0) | 0.05 |
No | 62 | 4.2 (2.7) | ||
Doctor | Yes | 26 | 4.5 (2.3) | 0.07 |
No | 74 | 3.8 (2.3) | ||
Registered Dietitian /Nutritionist | Yes | 71 | 4.1 (2.4) | 0.18 |
No | 29 | 4.1 (2.4) | ||
Internet sources | Yes | 42 | 3.5 (1.9) | 0.03 |
No | 58 | 4.3 (2.7) | ||
Fellow athlete | Yes | 50 | 3.6 (2.2) | 0.02 |
No | 50 | 4.4 (2.6) | ||
Family member | Yes | 10 | 3.5 (2.0) | 0.32 |
No | 90 | 4.0 (2.5) | ||
Friend | Yes | 11 | 3.7 (2.4) | 0.56 |
No | 89 | 4.0 (2.5) | ||
Influencer | Yes | 2 | 3.5 (2.1) | 0.78 |
No | 98 | 4.0 (2.5) |
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Share and Cite
McDaid, B.; Wardenaar, F.C.; Woodside, J.V.; Neville, C.E.; Tobin, D.; Madigan, S.; Nugent, A.P. Athletes Perceived Level of Risk Associated with Botanical Food Supplement Use and Their Sources of Information. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136244
McDaid B, Wardenaar FC, Woodside JV, Neville CE, Tobin D, Madigan S, Nugent AP. Athletes Perceived Level of Risk Associated with Botanical Food Supplement Use and Their Sources of Information. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(13):6244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136244
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcDaid, Bridin, Floris C. Wardenaar, Jayne V. Woodside, Charlotte E. Neville, David Tobin, Sharon Madigan, and Anne P. Nugent. 2023. "Athletes Perceived Level of Risk Associated with Botanical Food Supplement Use and Their Sources of Information" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13: 6244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136244