An E-Learning Program for Continuing Midwifery Education on Handling High-Risk Abuse Cases: A Pretest–Posttest Design
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants and Recruitment
2.3. E-Learning Program
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. Degree of Knowledge
2.4.2. Sense of Efficacy
2.4.3. Satisfaction
2.5. Analysis
2.6. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Evaluation of E-Learning
3.2.1. Knowledge
3.2.2. Sense of Efficacy
3.2.3. Satisfaction
4. Discussion
4.1. Usefulness of the E-Learning Program
4.2. Improvements in E-Learning Programs for Dissemination
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chapter | Section | Time | Objectives |
---|---|---|---|
1. Basic knowledge of abuse response | 1. Increase in abuse and background | 9 min | Explain the definition of abuse. Explain the background of and increase in abuse. |
2. Response to abuse and related laws | 13 min | Explain how to respond to abuse based on the law. Visualize the response to abuse. | |
2. Basic knowledge of abuse prevention | 1. Risk factors for child abuse | 11 min | Discuss risk factors for abuse. Describe specific pregnant women. |
2. Perinatal mental health | 13 min | Describe bonding disorders. Describe maternity blues and postpartum depression. Describe the prevention and response to bonding disorders. Describe how to deal with maternity blues and postpartum depression. | |
3. Domestic violence | 20 min | Explain the concept of DV, its risk factors, and health implications. Explain the DV screening scale and methods. Explain how to respond to a positive screening. | |
3. Basic knowledge necessary for cooperation with related organizations | 1. Cooperation with related organizations | 7 min | Discuss the necessity of cooperation with related organizations for the prevention of child abuse. Introduce the Regional Council for Measures for Children in Need of Protection. |
4. Roleplay | 1. Communication in the medical field 1 | 5 min | Imagine and practice cooperation among staff members when encountering a pregnant woman suspected of abuse in an obstetric outpatient clinic. |
2. Communication in the medical field 2 | 12 min | Visualize support for pregnant women who have been subjected to DV and apply it in practice. |
Variable | Response (n) | Mean (SD) or n (%) |
---|---|---|
Age, years, range 23–61 | 69 | 36.2 (9.6) |
Experience in OB, years, range 0–34 | 69 | 9.6 (7.3) |
Nursing education | 71 | |
4-year university | 30 (42.2) | |
Vocational school | 18 (25.4) | |
Graduate school | 14 (19.7) | |
Junior college | 9 (12.7) | |
Occupation | 71 | |
Midwife | 70 (98.6) | |
Nurse | 1 (1.4) | |
Midwife education | 70 | |
4-year university | 19 (26.8) | |
Vocational school | 22 (31.0) | |
Graduate school | 15 (21.1) | |
Junior college | 14 (19.7) | |
Experience of receiving education related to support for abuse cases | 71 | |
Yes | 56 (78.9) | |
No | 15 (21.1) | |
Clinical experience | 71 | |
Perinatal care with tertiary emergency | 32 (45.1) | |
Perinatal care with secondary emergency | 13 (18.3) | |
Other perinatal care | 26 (36.6) | |
Case handling experience | 71 | |
Never | 35 (49.3) | |
Encountered suspected abusive cases but could not provide support | 12 (16.9) | |
Provided support in such cases | 24 (33.8) |
Knowledge Test Item Contents (Related Chapter Sections) | Percentage of Correct Answers n (%) | Difference in Percentages of Correct Answers | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest | Posttest | |||
1. What is the law that establishes the definition of abuse? (1-1) | 40 (56.3) | 63 (88.7) | 32.4 | <0.001 |
2. How old is a child in the definition of child abuse? (1-1) | 50 (70.4) | 67 (94.4) | 24.0 | <0.001 |
3. What are the nurturing attitudes that fall under the definition of child abuse? (1-1) | 38 (53.5) | 59 (83.1) | 29.6 | <0.001 |
4. What is the most commonly reported abuse in recent years? (1-1) | 9 (12.7) | 47 (66.2) | 53.5 | <0.001 |
5. Breakdown of abuse deaths. (1-1) | 33 (46.5) | 59 (83.1) | 36.6 | <0.001 |
6. Obligation of the person who discovers abuse to notify. (1-2) | 69 (97.2) | 71 (100) | 2.8 | - |
7. Responding to and supporting abuse cases. (1-2) | 55 (77.5) | 59 (83.1) | 5.6 | 0.481 |
8. Definition of specific pregnant women. (2-1) | 60 (84.5) | 71 (100) | 15.5 | - |
9. Risk factors for child abuse. (2-1) | 65 (91.5) | 68 (95.8) | 4.3 | 0.508 |
10. Bonding failure. (2-2) | 67 (94.4) | 70 (98.6) | 4.2 | 0.375 |
11. Definition of postpartum depression. (2-2) | 24 (33.8) | 47 (66.2) | 32.4 | <0.001 |
12. Percentage of female victims of DV (2-3) | 14 (19.7) | 67 (94.4) | 74.7 | <0.001 |
13. Provisions set forth in the DV Prevention Law (2-3) | 49 (69.0) | 57 (80.3) | 11.3 | 0.096 |
14. Scope of the Regional Council for Measures for Children in Need of Protection. (3-1) | 7 (9.9) | 35 (49.3) | 39.4 | <0.001 |
15. Matters to be considered by the Regional Council of Countermeasures for Children Requiring Aid. (3-1) | 35 (49.3) | 43 (60.6) | 11.3 | 0.115 |
Pretest | Posttest | Mean Difference | SD of Mean Difference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average | SD | Average | SD | t Value | |||
Knowledge score | 8.1 | 2.0 | 11.6 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 14.4 *** |
Participants’ sense of efficacy (confidence) | 2.1 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 11.0 *** |
Participants’ sense of efficacy (proactiveness) | 2.9 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 8.1 *** |
Evaluation Items | Degree of Satisfaction n (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (Low) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (High) | |
Design of e-learning | 0 | 2 (2.8) | 20 (28.2) | 22 (31.0) | 27 (38.0) |
System functions of e-learning | 0 | 4 (5.6) | 19 (26.8) | 26 (37.1) | 22 (31.0) |
Overall satisfaction with e-learning | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 9 (12.7) | 39 (54.9) | 22 (31.0) |
Whether the knowledge gained from e-learning can be applied to future clinical practice | 0 | 2 (2.8) | 15 (21.1) | 36 (50.7) | 18 (25.4) |
Whether they would recommend e-learning to their colleagues | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 9 (12.7) | 26 (36.6) | 35 (49.3) |
Chapter | Section | Degree of Satisfaction n (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (Low) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (High) | ||
1. Basic knowledge of abuse response | 1 | 0 | 2 (2.8) | 11 (15.5) | 34 (47.9) | 24 (33.8) |
2 | 0 | 2 (2.8) | 12 (16.9) | 35 (49.3) | 22 (31.0) | |
2. Basic knowledge of abuse prevention | 1 | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 10 (14.1) | 31 (43.7) | 29 (40.8) |
2 | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 12 (16.9) | 34 (47.9) | 24 (33.8) | |
3 | 0 | 2 (2.8) | 12 (16.9) | 32 (45.1) | 25 (35.2) | |
3. Basic knowledge necessary for cooperation with related organizations | 1 | 0 | 3 (4.2) | 14 (19.7) | 34 (47.9) | 20 (28.2) |
4. Roleplay | 0 | 6 (8.5) | 14 (19.7) | 23 (32.4) | 28 (39.4) |
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Baba, K.; Kataoka, Y. An E-Learning Program for Continuing Midwifery Education on Handling High-Risk Abuse Cases: A Pretest–Posttest Design. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136317
Baba K, Kataoka Y. An E-Learning Program for Continuing Midwifery Education on Handling High-Risk Abuse Cases: A Pretest–Posttest Design. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(13):6317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136317
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaba, Kaori, and Yaeko Kataoka. 2023. "An E-Learning Program for Continuing Midwifery Education on Handling High-Risk Abuse Cases: A Pretest–Posttest Design" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13: 6317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136317