Development of a Brief Coparenting Measure: The Coparenting Competence Scale
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aims and Objectives
2. Method
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Recruitment
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Measures
2.5.1. Coparenting Competence Scale (CCS)
2.5.2. Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS: Feinberg et al., 2012) [5]
2.5.3. Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Johnston & Mash, 1989) [32]
2.5.4. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997) [35]
2.6. Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Factor Analysis
3.2. Internal Consistency
3.3. Construct Validity
4. Discussions
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Child Age | Mean | SD | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Oldest child | 7.99 | 4.98 | 0–38 |
Youngest child | 4.60 | 4.12 | 0–17 |
All children | 6.29 | 4.86 | 0–38 |
Number of children per family | n (%) | ||
One | 90 (29.8%) | ||
Two | 140 (46.4%) | ||
Three | 55 (18.2%) | ||
Four | 15 (5%) | ||
Five | 1 (0.3%) | ||
Nine | 1 (0.3%) | ||
Relationship status | |||
Biological mother and father living together with youngest child. | 278 (92.1%) | ||
Blended family. | 18 (6%) | ||
One parent with biological child and partner. | 3 (1%) | ||
Adoptive or foster parents living together with child. | 1 (0.3%) | ||
Other | 2 (0.7%) |
Item | Loadings—Pattern Matrix | ||
---|---|---|---|
Component 1 | Component 2 | Communalities | |
2 Our child/n is learning good relationship skills by seeing my partner and I work together in parenting. | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.77 |
5 Our parenting partnership is having a positive influence on our child/n’s behaviour. | 0.87 | −0.02 | 0.74 |
3 Our child/n is learning how to manage their behaviour and emotions by seeing how well my partner and I work together in parenting. | 0.84 | −0.01 | 0.69 |
4 My partner and I are adapting well together to meet our child/n’s changing needs. | 0.83 | −0.09 | 0.62 |
13 I have a lot of confidence in our parenting partnership. | 0.77 | 0.12 | 0.70 |
8 My partner and I work well together as a parenting team. | 0.71 | 0.13 | 0.62 |
16 Parenting works better when my partner does not interfere. | 0.00 | 0.77 | 0.60 |
27 My partner makes parenting harder than it needs to be. | 0.13 | 0.75 | 0.68 |
9 Our child/ren would be easier to manage if I could do it on my own. | 0.08 | 0.73 | 0.61 |
14 I expected to work more closely with my partner in the parenting of our child/n. | −0.07 | 0.56 | 0.27 |
Tucker Lewis Index | Normed Fitted Index (NFI) | Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) | Comparative Fit Index (CFI) | Root Mean Square (RMSEA) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fit Index | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.934 | 0.97 | 0.08 |
Acceptability limit | >0.90 >0.95 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.08 |
Scale (Number of Items) | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|
Coparenting Competence Scale (CCS; 10) | 0.89 |
Coparenting Relationship Scale Total (CRS; 35) | 0.77 |
CRS, brief version (14) | 0.62 |
CRS, Coparenting agreement (4) | 0.75 |
CRS, Coparenting closeness (5) | 0.30 |
CRS, Exposure to conflict (5) | 0.90 |
CRS, Coparenting support (6) | 0.91 |
CRS, Coparenting undermining (6) | 0.85 |
CRS, Endorse partner’s parenting (7) | 0.61 |
CRS, Division of labour (2) | 0.57 |
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; 16) | 0.87 |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, ages 2–4 (SDQ; 25) | 0.84 |
SDQ, ages 5–10 (25) | 0.83 |
SDQ, ages 11–17 (25) | 0.71 |
Scale (Number of Items) | Correlation with CCS |
---|---|
Coparenting Relationship Scale Total (CRS; 35) | 0.630 ** |
CRS, Brief Version (14) | 0.507 ** |
CRS, Coparenting agreement (4) | 0.508 ** |
CRS, Coparenting closeness (5) | 0.713 ** |
CRS, Exposure to conflict (5) | −0.587 ** |
CRS, Coparenting support (6) | 0.683 ** |
CRS, Coparenting undermining (6) | −0.604 ** |
CRS, Endorse partner’s parenting (7) | 0.719 ** |
CRS, Division of labour (2) | 0.483 ** |
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; 16) | 0.473 ** |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, ages 2–4 (SDQ; 25) | −0.319 ** |
SDQ, ages 5–10 (25) | −0.341 ** |
SDQ, ages 11–17 (25) | −0.294 * |
Scale (Number of Items) | CCS | |
---|---|---|
Female | Male | |
Coparenting Relationship Scale Total (CRS; 35) | 0.643 ** | 0.537 ** |
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; 16) | 0.481 ** | 0.458 ** |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, ages 2–4 (SDQ; 25) | −0.317 * | −0.319 |
SDQ, ages 5–10 (25) | −0.318 ** | −0.435 * |
SDQ, ages 11–17 (25) | −0.275 * | −0.548 |
Scale | Cronbach’s Alpha | Correlation with CCS | Attenuation Score |
---|---|---|---|
Total (CRS) | 0.801 | 0.630 | 0.748 |
CRS, Brief Version | 0.615 | 0.507 | N/A |
CRS, Coparenting Agreement | 0.753 | 0.580 | 0.710 |
CRS, Coparenting Closeness | 0.301 | 0.713 | N/A |
CRS, Exposure to Conflict | 0.895 | −0.587 | −0.659 |
CRS, Coparenting Support | 0.911 | 0.683 | 0.760 |
CRS, Coparenting Undermining | 0.845 | −0.604 | −0.698 |
CRS, Endorse Partner Parenting | 0.719 | 0.608 | 0.981 * |
CRS, Division of Labour | 0.567 | 0.567 | N/A |
Scale/Subscale 1 (x) | Scale/Subscale 2 (y) | Average Variance Extracted Valid When AVEx*AVEy > r2 | Attenuation = r2 /(αx*αy) Valid If <0.85 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r2 | (AVEx*AVEy) | αx | αy | r2/(αx*αy) | ||
CCS 4 (neg) | CRS, Support | 0.25 | 0.56 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.35 |
CCS 6 (pos) | CRS, Support | 0.26 | 0.64 | 0.94 | 0.80 | 0.35 |
CCS 4 | CRS, Conflict | 0.20 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 0.27 |
CCS 6 | CRS, Conflict | 0.28 | 0.71 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.33 |
CCS 4 | CRS, Endorse | 0.41 | 0.51 | 0.80 | 0.88 | 0.58 |
CCS 6 | CRS, Endorse | 0.38 | 0.59 | 0.94 | 9.87 | 0.46 |
CCS 4 | CRS, Closeness | 0.30 | 0.47 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.48 |
CCS 6 | CRS, Closeness | 0.47 | 0.58 | 0.94 | 0.80 | 0.62 |
CCS 4 | CRS, Agreement | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.44 |
CCS 6 | CRS, Agreement | 0.24 | 0.58 | 0.94 | 0.76 | 0.59 |
CCS 4 | CRS, Undermining | 0.40 | 0.59 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.58 |
CCS 6 | CRS, Undermining | 0.18 | 0.61 | 0.94 | 0.86 | 0.23 |
CCS 4 | CRS, Exposure | 0.24 | 0.61 | 0.80 | 0.92 | 0.32 |
CCS 6 | CRS, Exposure | 0.28 | 0.71 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.33 |
CCS 4 | PSOC, Satisfaction | 0.18 | 0.42 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.28 |
CCS 6 | PSOC, Satisfaction | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 0.21 |
CCS 4 | PSOC, Efficacy | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.37 |
CCS 6 | PSOC, Efficacy | 0.16 | 0.57 | 0.94 | 0.84 | 0.20 |
Scale 1 (x) | Scale 2 (y) | Attenuation = r2 /(αx*αy) (Valid If <0.85) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | αx | αy | r2/(αx*αy) | ||
CCS | CRS | 0.63 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.56 |
CCS | PSOC | 0.47 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.28 |
CCS | SDQ (2–4) | −0.32 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.13 |
CCS | SDQ (5–10) | −0.34 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.16 |
CCS | SDQ (11–17) | −0.29 | 0.89 | 0.71 | 0.13 |
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May, C.; Atherton, C.; Colyvas, K.; Mancini, V.; Campbell, L.E. Development of a Brief Coparenting Measure: The Coparenting Competence Scale. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136322
May C, Atherton C, Colyvas K, Mancini V, Campbell LE. Development of a Brief Coparenting Measure: The Coparenting Competence Scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(13):6322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136322
Chicago/Turabian StyleMay, Chris, Codie Atherton, Kim Colyvas, Vincent Mancini, and Linda E. Campbell. 2023. "Development of a Brief Coparenting Measure: The Coparenting Competence Scale" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13: 6322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136322