Wastewater-Based Surveillance Does Not Belong in a Regulatory Framework Designed to Protect Waters That Receive Treated Wastewater. Comment on Wright, T.; Adhikari, A. Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5282
Opioid Compound | Concentration Range Reported in Treated Effluent 1 (ng/L) | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|
6-Acetylmorphine (heroin metabolite) | Not detected 2 | [23] |
Codeine | 3.1–~2250 | [21,23,24] |
EDDP (methadone metabolite) | 2.7–1150 | [21,23] |
Fentanyl | Not detected 3 | [21,23] |
Heroin | Not detected 4 | [23] |
Hydrocodone | 50–210 | [21] |
Methadone | 3.4–730 | [23] |
Morphine | 12–250 | [23,24] |
O-desmethyltramadol (tramadol metabolite) | 44–760 | [21] |
Oxycodone | 54–260 | [21] |
Norcodeine | 5.2–40 | [23] |
Normorphine | 31–110 | [23] |
Tramadol | 75–1300 | [21] |
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mehrotra, A.; Munakata, N.; Maal-Bared, R.; Gerrity, D.; Sabater, J.; Bessler, S. Wastewater-Based Surveillance Does Not Belong in a Regulatory Framework Designed to Protect Waters That Receive Treated Wastewater. Comment on Wright, T.; Adhikari, A. Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5282. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6636. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20176636
Mehrotra A, Munakata N, Maal-Bared R, Gerrity D, Sabater J, Bessler S. Wastewater-Based Surveillance Does Not Belong in a Regulatory Framework Designed to Protect Waters That Receive Treated Wastewater. Comment on Wright, T.; Adhikari, A. Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5282. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(17):6636. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20176636
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehrotra, Anna, Naoko Munakata, Rasha Maal-Bared, Daniel Gerrity, Jennifer Sabater, and Scott Bessler. 2023. "Wastewater-Based Surveillance Does Not Belong in a Regulatory Framework Designed to Protect Waters That Receive Treated Wastewater. Comment on Wright, T.; Adhikari, A. Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5282" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 17: 6636. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20176636