Melatonin Action in Type 2 Diabetic Parotid Gland and Dental Pulp: In Vitro and Bioinformatic Findings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants and Tissue Samples Collection
2.2. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.3. Human Dental Pulp Cells (hDPCs) Culture
2.4. Human Parotid Gland Cells (hPGCs) Culture
2.5. Bioinformatic Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study Group Characteristics
3.2. Expression Levels of MEL, GDNF and iNOS in Parotid Gland and Dental Pulp Tissues of T2D Participants
3.3. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient
3.4. GDNF Expression in hDPCs Treated with MEL
3.5. GDNF, iNOS Expression and SOD Activity in hPGCs Treated with MEL
3.6. Enrichment Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Nondiabetic n = 31 | Type 2 Diabetic n = 31 |
---|---|---|
Woman/man † | 15/16 | 16/15 |
Age (years, mean ± SD) ‡ | 59.1 ± 11.6 | 67.1 ± 9.7 |
Smokers (%) † | 37.5 | 31.25 |
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) § | 23.4 ± 2.8 | 26.1 ± 3.3 |
Disease duration (years, mean ± SD) | 6.1 ± 2.8 |
Genes | Fold Enrichment | Pathways |
---|---|---|
GDNF, AANAT | 39.4 | ATF5 target gene |
GDNF, AANAT | 39.3 | ATF7 target gene |
GDNF, AANAT | 39.0 | ATF3 target gene |
GDNF, AANAT | 36.8 | ATF4 target gene |
GDNF, AANAT | 14.9 | CREB1 target gene |
GDNF, AANAT | 13.0 | HIF-1-beta target gene |
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Barać, M.; Petrović, M.; Petrović, N.; Nikolić-Jakoba, N.; Aleksić, Z.; Todorović, L.; Petrović-Stanojević, N.; Anđelić-Jelić, M.; Davidović, A.; Milašin, J.; et al. Melatonin Action in Type 2 Diabetic Parotid Gland and Dental Pulp: In Vitro and Bioinformatic Findings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186727
Barać M, Petrović M, Petrović N, Nikolić-Jakoba N, Aleksić Z, Todorović L, Petrović-Stanojević N, Anđelić-Jelić M, Davidović A, Milašin J, et al. Melatonin Action in Type 2 Diabetic Parotid Gland and Dental Pulp: In Vitro and Bioinformatic Findings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(18):6727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186727
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarać, Milena, Milan Petrović, Nina Petrović, Nataša Nikolić-Jakoba, Zoran Aleksić, Lidija Todorović, Nataša Petrović-Stanojević, Marina Anđelić-Jelić, Aleksandar Davidović, Jelena Milašin, and et al. 2023. "Melatonin Action in Type 2 Diabetic Parotid Gland and Dental Pulp: In Vitro and Bioinformatic Findings" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 18: 6727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186727