School-Level Socioeconomic Status and Nutrient Content of Outdoor Food/Beverage Advertisements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Nutrient Content Coding
2.3. School-Level Socioeconomic Status
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Students (#) | AAPI (%) | Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | White (%) | FRPL (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Higher SES (n = 13) | 15,422 | 6.34 | 11.52 | 32.26 | 49.34 | 33.64 |
Lower SES (n = 18) | 16,987 | 2.53 | 15.86 | 71.40 | 10.05 | 81.27 |
Variable | Average Per-School | Range Per-School | Bootstrapped Z-Statistic | Bootstrapped Std. Error | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Ads | 2.01 | 0.88 | 0.044 | ||
Higher SES | 77 | 1–517 | |||
Lower SES | 120 | 1–538 | |||
Sum of Calories in Ads | 1.69 | 0.97 | 0.091 | ||
Higher SES | 37,409 | 1094–310,308 | |||
Lower SES | 43,935 | 1799–184,134 | |||
Sum of Fat (g) in Ads | 1.94 | 0.95 | 0.052 | ||
Higher SES | 1743 | 20–16,112 | |||
Lower SES | 1504 | 75–4138 | |||
Sum of Protein (g) in Ads | 1.94 | 0.97 | 0.053 | ||
Higher SES | 923 | 28–7156 | |||
Lower SES | 1242 | 47–4152 | |||
Sum of Carbohydrates (g) in Ads | 1.59 | 0.98 | 0.111 | ||
Higher SES | 4708 | 106–34,501 | |||
Lower SES | 6589 | 206–34,337 | |||
Sum of Sugar (g) in Ads | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.313 | ||
Higher SES | 3312 | 17–24,904 | |||
Lower SES | 4316 | 18–26,910 | |||
Sum of Sodium (mg) in Ads | 2.20 | 0.89 | 0.028 | ||
Higher SES | 39,254 | 1447–287,065 | |||
Lower SES | 65,990 | 2693–226,373 |
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Ruggles, P.R.; Thomas, J.E.; Poulos, N.S.; Pasch, K.E. School-Level Socioeconomic Status and Nutrient Content of Outdoor Food/Beverage Advertisements. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186730
Ruggles PR, Thomas JE, Poulos NS, Pasch KE. School-Level Socioeconomic Status and Nutrient Content of Outdoor Food/Beverage Advertisements. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(18):6730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186730
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuggles, Phoebe R., Jacob E. Thomas, Natalie S. Poulos, and Keryn E. Pasch. 2023. "School-Level Socioeconomic Status and Nutrient Content of Outdoor Food/Beverage Advertisements" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 18: 6730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186730