Workplace Bullying Seen from the Perspective of Bystanders: Effects on Engagement and Burnout, Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Psychological Health at Work: Work Engagement and Burnout
1.2. Witnesses of WB and Their Psychological Health in the Health Sector
1.3. WB as Seen by Witnesses, Affects, and Psychological Health
2. Method
2.1. Hypothesis of This Study
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Participants
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis
3.2. Mediation Analyses
4. Discussion
Limitations and Perspectives
5. Practical Implications and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Eng-vig | 4.59/6 | 1.08 | 0.71 | ||||||||||
2. Eng-dev | 4.88/6 | 0.99 | 0.72 *** | 0.65 | |||||||||
3. Eng-abs | 4.66/6 | 0.97 | 0.66 *** | 0.62 *** | 0.73 | ||||||||
4. Bo-PF | 3.11/7 | 0.95 | −0.25 *** | −0.20 *** | −0.09 | 0.79 | |||||||
5. Bo-CF | 2.92/7 | 1.07 | −0.24 *** | −0.20 ** | −0.15 * | 0.56 *** | 0.84 | ||||||
6. Bo-EE | 2.53/7 | 1.15 | −0.20 ** | −0.23 ** | −0.20 *** | 0.43 *** | 0.47 *** | 0.74 | |||||
7. WB-work | 2.43/5 | 0.76 | −0.06 | −0.18 ** | 0.00 | 0.18 ** | 0.20 ** | 0.13 | 0.72 | ||||
8. WB-person | 2.50/5 | 0.77 | −0.03 | −0.14 * | −0.03 | 0.20 ** | 0.23 ** | 0.24 *** | 0.58 *** | 0.81 | |||
9. WB-int | 2.73/5 | 0.75 | −0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.17 * | 0.17 * | 0.45 *** | 0.55 *** | 0.73 | ||
10. Positive affect | 3.98/5 | 0.65 | 0.51 *** | 0.51 *** | 0.43 *** | −0.13 * | −0.13 | −0.17 * | −0.02 | 0.05 | 0.15 * | 0.77 | |
11. Negative affect | 2.36/5 | 0.63 | −0.25 *** | −0.23 ** | −0.19 ** | 0.28 *** | 0.30 *** | 0.35 *** | 0.22 ** | 0.24 *** | 0.08 | 0.39 *** | 0.75 |
IV | Med V | Effect of IV on MV (Link A) | Effect of MV on DV (Link B) | Total Effect (Link C) | Direct Effect (Link C’) | Indirect Effect | CI LL UL for Indirect Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burnout-Physical Fatigue (DV) | |||||||
WB-wor | |||||||
Pos. affect | −0.02 | −0.05 | 0.22 ** | 0.13 | 0.00 | [−0.01, 0.01] | |
Neg. affect | 0.18 ** | 0.33 *** | 0.22 ** | 0.13 | 0.06 a | [0.01, 0.13] | |
WB–per | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.25 ** | 0.17 * | −0.00 | [−0.03, 0.01] | |
Neg. affect | 0.20 *** | 0.31 ** | 0.25 ** | 0.17 * | 0.06 a | [0.01, 0.13] | |
WB–Int | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.13 * | −0.05 | 0.13 | 0.06 | −0.01 | [−0.04, 0.02] | |
Neg. affect | 0.07 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.03 | [−0.02, 0.08] | |
Burnout-Cognitive Fatigue (DV) | |||||||
WB-wor | |||||||
Pos. affect | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.28 ** | 0.18 * | 0.00 | [−0.02, 0.02] | |
Neg. affect | 0.18 ** | 0.38 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.18 * | 0.07 a | [0.02, 0.14] | |
WB-per | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.32 *** | 0.24 * | −0.00 | [−0.03, 0.01] | |
Neg. affect | 0.20 *** | 0.35 ** | 0.32 *** | 0.24 * | 0.07 a | [0.01, 0.14] | |
WB-int | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.13 * | −0.06 | 0.25 * | 0.18 | −0.01 | [−0.04, 0.03] | |
Neg. affect | 0.07 | 0.41 ** | 0.25 * | 0.18 | 0.03 | [−0.02, 0.09] | |
Burnout-Emotional Exhaustion (DV) | |||||||
WB-wor | |||||||
Pos. affect | −0.02 | −0.03 ** | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.00 | [−0.02, 0.02] | |
Neg. affect | 0.18 ** | 0.54 *** | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.09 a | [0.03, 0.18] | |
WB-per | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.04 | −0.08 | 0.36 *** | 0.20 * | −0.00 | [−0.03, 0.01] | |
Neg. affect | 0.20 *** | 0.47 *** | 0.36 *** | 0.20 * | 0.09 a | [0.03, 0.18] | |
WB-Int | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.13 * | −0.07 | 0.26 * | 0.15 | −0.01 | [−0.05, 0.03] | |
Neg. affect | 0.07 | 0.52 *** | 0.26 * | 0.15 | 0.04 | [−0.02, 0.11] |
IV | Med V | Effect of IV on MV (Link A) | Effect of MV on DV (Link B) | Total Effect (Link C) | Direct Effect (Link C’) | Indirect Effect | CI LL UL for Indirect Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engagement to work-Vigor (DV) | |||||||
WB-wor | |||||||
Pos. affect | −0.02 | 0.80 *** | −0.08 | −0.05 | −0.01 | [−0.12, 0.07] | |
Neg. affect | 0.18 ** | −0.09 | −0.08 | −0.05 | −0.02 | [−0.06, 0.03] | |
WB-per | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.05 | 0.51 *** | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.03 | [−0.03, 0.10] | |
Neg. affect | 0.24 *** | 0.25 *** | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.01 | [−0.19, 0.28] | |
WB-int | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.13 * | 0.79 *** | 0.10 | −0.00 | 0.10 a | [0.01, 0.21] | |
Neg. affect | 0.07 | −0.01 | 0.10 | −0.00 | −0.01 | [−0.04, 0.01] | |
Engagement to work–Dedication (DV) | |||||||
WB-wor | |||||||
Pos. affect | −0.02 | 0.74 *** | −0.23 ** | −0.19 | −0.01 | [−0.11, 0.07] | |
Neg. affect | 0.18 ** | 0.02 | −0.23 ** | −0.19 | 0.00 | [−0.04, 0.05] | |
WB-per | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.05 | 0.52 *** | −0.12 | −0.07 | −0.00 | [−0.04, 0.05] | |
Neg. affect | 0.24 *** | −0.21 ** | −0.12 | −0.07 | −0.06 | [−0.03, 0.10] | |
WB-int | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.13 * | 0.72 *** | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.09 a | [0.01, 0.19] | |
Neg. affect | 0.07 | −0.03 | 0.07 | 0.01 | −0.00 | [−0.03, 0.02] | |
Engagement to Work-Absorption (DV) | |||||||
WB-wor | |||||||
Pos. affect | −0.02 | 0.62 *** | −0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01 | [−0.09, 0.06] | |
Neg. affect | 0.18 ** | 0.54 *** | −0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01 | [−0.06, 0.03] | |
WB-per | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.05 | 0.43 *** | 0.00 | −0.19 | 0.02 | [−0.22, 0.16] | |
Neg. affect | 0.24 *** | 0.20 ** | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.05 | [−0.14, 0.29] | |
WB–int | |||||||
Pos. affect | 0.13 * | 0.61 *** | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.08 a | [0.01, 0.16] | |
Neg. affect | 0.07 | −0.07 | 0.10 | 0.01 | −0.01 | [−0.03, 0.01] |
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Ada Manga, J.P.; Desrumaux, P.; N’dong Nguema, W. Workplace Bullying Seen from the Perspective of Bystanders: Effects on Engagement and Burnout, Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affects. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196821
Ada Manga JP, Desrumaux P, N’dong Nguema W. Workplace Bullying Seen from the Perspective of Bystanders: Effects on Engagement and Burnout, Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(19):6821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196821
Chicago/Turabian StyleAda Manga, Joséphine Pascale, Pascale Desrumaux, and Willys N’dong Nguema. 2023. "Workplace Bullying Seen from the Perspective of Bystanders: Effects on Engagement and Burnout, Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affects" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 19: 6821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196821