The Influence of Short-Term Weather Parameters and Air Pollution on Adolescent Airway Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Assessment of Lung Function
2.3. Assessment of Environmental Exposures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Sensitivity Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of Participants and Exposures
3.2. The Main Effects of Weather Variables and Air Pollution on FeNO
3.3. Interactive Effects of RH and Air Pollution on FeNO
3.4. Effect Modification
3.5. Sensitivity Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Overall 1 | Munich 1 | Wesel 1 | p-Value 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Participants | 2042 | 1191 | 851 | |
Age | 15.06 (0.29) | 15.09 (0.29) | 15.02 (0.28) | 0.049 |
Sex Female Male | 1050 (51%) 992 (49%) | 609 (51%) 582 (49%) | 441 (52%) 410 (48%) | 0.8 |
Height (cm) | 171.4 (8.30) | 170.8 (8.22) | 172.4 (8.32) | <0.001 |
Weight (Kg) | 61.74 (11.96) | 60.46 (11.10) | 63.53 (12.86) | <0.001 |
FeNO (ppb) | 23.1 (20.94) | 25.48 (22.60) | 19.77 (17.86) | <0.001 |
Respiratory condition Yes No NA | 643 (31.5%) 1397 (68.4%) 2 (0.1%) | 388 (32.58%) 801 (67.25%) 2 (0.17%) | 255 (29.96%) 596 (70.04%) 0 | 0.2 |
Maximal parental education Low (<10 years) Medium (=10 years) High (>10 years) NA | 118 (5.78%) 539 (26.40%) 1380 (67.58%) 5 (0.24%) | 46 (3.86%) 210 (17.63%) 932 (78.25%) 3 (0.25%) | 72 (8.46%) 329 (38.66%) 448 (52.64%) 2 (0.24%) | <0.001 |
Body Mass Index (Kg/m2) Low (<18.5) Normal (18.5–24.9) High (>25) | 414 (20.27%) 1430 (70.03%) 198 (9.70%) | 257 (21.58%) 839 (70.45%) 95 (7.98%) | 157 (18.45%) 591 (69.45%) 103 (12.10%) | 0.004 |
Characteristic | Overall 1 | Munich 1 | Wesel 1 | p-Value 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Season Warm Cold | 1315 (64%) 727 (36%) | 776 (65%) 415 (35%) | 539 (63%) 312 (37%) | 0.4 |
Relative Humidity (%) | 75.22 (10.60) | 75.03 (11.07) | 75.49 (9.90) | 0.047 |
Tmax (°C) | 16.43 (7.83) | 16.50 (8.24) | 16.34 (7.22) | 0.6 |
Tmin (°C) | 8.61 (6.08) | 8.36 (6.13) | 8.95 (6.00) | 0.058 |
Tmean (°C) | 12.36 (6.80) | 12.24 (7.00) | 12.53 (6.50) | 0.4 |
PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 11.09 (6.58) | 9.75 (6.34) | 12.96 (6.46) | <0.001 |
NO2 (µg/m3) | 13.17 (8.39) | 16.29 (8.79) | 8.79 (5.28) | <0.001 |
O3 (µg/m3) | 53.54 (19.76) | 49.96 (20.98) | 58.55 (16.68) | <0.001 |
Tmax | Tmin | Tmean | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage Change (95% CI) * | p-Value 1,* | Percentage Change (95% CI) * | p-Value 1,* | Percentage Change (95% CI) * | p-Value 1,* | |
RH 2 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.265 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.00) | 0.074 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.00) | 0.179 |
PM2.5 | 0.19 (−0.24, 0.63) | 0.382 | 0.20 (−0.23, 0.64) | 0.355 | 0.20 (−0.23, 0.63) | 0.367 |
Temperature | 0.29 (−0.28, 0.86) | 0.314 | 0.27 (−0.41, 0.94) | 0.439 | 0.32 (−0.31, 0.96) | 0.321 |
RH 2 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | 0.316 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.00) | 0.144 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | 0.237 |
O3 | 0.01 (−0.18, 0.19) | 0.949 | 0.02 (−0.17, 0.20) | 0.849 | 0.01 (−0.18, 0.20) | 0.928 |
Temperature | 0.31 (−0.29, 0.91) | 0.308 | 0.25 (−0.45, 0.95) | 0.486 | 0.33 (−0.33, 1.00) | 0.328 |
RH 2 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | 0.199 | −0.01 (−0.03, −0.00) | 0.039 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.00) | 0.122 |
NO2 | 0.31 (−0.29, 0.91) | 0.117 | 0.32 (−0.07, 0.71) | 0.107 | 0.32 (−0.07, 0.71) | 0.109 |
Temperature | 0.35 (−0.22, 0.92) | 0.225 | 0.35 (−0.33, 1.04) | 0.311 | 0.40 (−0.24, 1.04) | 0.222 |
Interaction Term 2,* | Percentage Change (95% CI) 2,* | p-Value 1,* | |
---|---|---|---|
Tmax * | RH: High PM2.5 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.06) | 0.256 |
RH: Medium PM2.5 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.388 | |
Tmin * | RH: High PM2.5 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.06) | 0.256 |
RH: Medium PM2.5 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.389 | |
Tmean * | RH: High PM2.5 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.06) | 0.258 |
RH: Medium PM2.5 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.389 |
Interaction Term 2,* | Percentage Change (95% CI) 2,* | p-Value 1,* | |
---|---|---|---|
Tmax * | RH: High O3 | −0.04 (−0.09, −0.00) | 0.042 |
RH: Medium O3 | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.00) | 0.040 | |
Tmin * | RH: High O3 | −0.04 (−0.09, −0.00) | 0.042 |
RH: Medium O3 | −0.04 (−0.08, −0.00) | 0.038 | |
Tmean * | RH: High O3 | −0.04 (−0.09, −0.00) | 0.043 |
RH: Medium O3 | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.00) | 0.040 |
Interaction Term 2,* | Percentage Change (95% CI) 2,* | p-Value 1,* | |
---|---|---|---|
Tmax * | RH: High NO2 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) | 0.007 |
RH: Medium NO2 | 0.03 (0.00, 0.07) | 0.050 | |
Tmin * | RH: High NO2 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) | 0.008 |
RH: Medium NO2 | 0.03 (0.00, 0.07) | 0.050 | |
Tmean * | RH: High NO2 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) | 0.008 |
RH: Medium NO2 | 0.03 (0.00, 0.07) | 0.050 |
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Areal, A.T.; Singh, N.; Zhao, Q.; Berdel, D.; Koletzko, S.; von Berg, A.; Gappa, M.; Heinrich, J.; Standl, M.; Abramson, M.J.; et al. The Influence of Short-Term Weather Parameters and Air Pollution on Adolescent Airway Inflammation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196827
Areal AT, Singh N, Zhao Q, Berdel D, Koletzko S, von Berg A, Gappa M, Heinrich J, Standl M, Abramson MJ, et al. The Influence of Short-Term Weather Parameters and Air Pollution on Adolescent Airway Inflammation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(19):6827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196827
Chicago/Turabian StyleAreal, Ashtyn Tracey, Nidhi Singh, Qi Zhao, Dietrich Berdel, Sibylle Koletzko, Andrea von Berg, Monika Gappa, Joachim Heinrich, Marie Standl, Michael J. Abramson, and et al. 2023. "The Influence of Short-Term Weather Parameters and Air Pollution on Adolescent Airway Inflammation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 19: 6827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196827