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Volume 20
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10.3390/ijerph20021077
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Article

Decrease in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Work and Public Places among Adults in the Philippines: An Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009 and 2015

by
Alissa C. Kress
1,*,
Lazarous Mbulo
1,
Carlen Stadnik
2,
Rizalina Hemedez-Gonzalez
3,
Evelyn Twentyman
1,
E. Ulysses Dorotheo
4 and
Liping Pan
1
1
Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
2
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
3
Tobacco Advocacy Group, Philippine Pediatric Society, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
4
Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021077
Submission received: 1 December 2022 / Revised: 3 January 2023 / Accepted: 4 January 2023 / Published: 7 January 2023
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Abstract

The implementation of several tobacco control policies in the Philippines may have contributed to a decrease in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. We examined changes in SHS exposure at work and in public places between 2009 and 2015 among adults aged ≥15 years and interpreted these results within the tobacco policy landscape in the Philippines. We analyzed the Philippines Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2009 and 2015 data. We examined marginal effects in logistic regression to get the adjusted prevalence of SHS exposure at five work and public places, controlling for selected characteristics. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios and adjusted prevalence differences between 2009 and 2015. Adjusted prevalence of SHS exposure decreased from 2009 to 2015 by 19% (5.7 percentage points) at work, 45% (11.2 percentage points) in government buildings, 48% (3.2 percentage points) in healthcare facilities, 29% (8.2 percentage points) in restaurants, and 33% (19.9 percentage points) on public transportation. Although the prevalence of SHS exposure at work and in public places decreased significantly between 2009 and 2015, a substantial proportion of adults remain exposed to SHS. This study highlights the importance of continued implementation, enforcement, monitoring, and evaluation of tobacco control and prevention measures in the Philippines.
Keywords: secondhand smoke; tobacco smoke pollution; smoking; tobacco; Philippines secondhand smoke; tobacco smoke pollution; smoking; tobacco; Philippines

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kress, A.C.; Mbulo, L.; Stadnik, C.; Hemedez-Gonzalez, R.; Twentyman, E.; Dorotheo, E.U.; Pan, L. Decrease in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Work and Public Places among Adults in the Philippines: An Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009 and 2015. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021077

AMA Style

Kress AC, Mbulo L, Stadnik C, Hemedez-Gonzalez R, Twentyman E, Dorotheo EU, Pan L. Decrease in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Work and Public Places among Adults in the Philippines: An Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009 and 2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021077

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kress, Alissa C., Lazarous Mbulo, Carlen Stadnik, Rizalina Hemedez-Gonzalez, Evelyn Twentyman, E. Ulysses Dorotheo, and Liping Pan. 2023. "Decrease in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Work and Public Places among Adults in the Philippines: An Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009 and 2015" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021077

APA Style

Kress, A. C., Mbulo, L., Stadnik, C., Hemedez-Gonzalez, R., Twentyman, E., Dorotheo, E. U., & Pan, L. (2023). Decrease in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Work and Public Places among Adults in the Philippines: An Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009 and 2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021077

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