The Effects of Exercise for Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources and Searches
2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Study Selection and Data Extraction
2.4. Quality Assessment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Studies Characteristics
3.3. Quality Evaluation
3.4. Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Functions
3.5. Publication Bias
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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# | Searches | Results |
---|---|---|
1 | ((((“exercise*”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“sport*”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“physical exercise”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“exercise intervention”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“intervention*”[Title/Abstract]) | 1,586,474 |
2 | (((“older adults*”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“aged*”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“old people”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“elderly people”[Title/Abstract]) | 930,566 |
3 | (((“cognitive*”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“cognitive ability “[Title/Abstract])) OR (“cognitive function”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“cognitive decline”[Title/Abstract]) | 443,939 |
4 | 1 and 2 | 127,165 |
5 | 3 and 4 | 10,645 |
6 | Limit 5 to (English language and humans and “all aged (60 and over)”) | 2045 |
Included Studies | Mean Age (Years) | Participants (M/F) | Sample Size (N) | Intervention | Intervention Duration (Weeks) | Session Duration | Session Frequency | Outcome Measure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guadagni et al., 2020 [15] | 65.9 | 206 (101/105) | IG = 103; CG = 103 | Aerobic | 48 | 60 min | 3 times/week | MoCA |
Song et al., 2019 [19] | 75.78 | 120 (30/90) | IG = 60; CG = 60 | Aerobic | 16 | 60 min | 3 times/week | MoCA |
Nagamatsu et al., 2012 [18] | 75.36 | 58 (0/58) | IG = 30; CG = 28 | Aerobic | 26 | 60 min | 2 times/week | TMT |
Ten Brinke et al., 2015 [20] | 75.78 | 27 (0/27) | IG = 14; CG = 13 | Aerobic | 26 | 60 min | 2 times/week | MMSE; MoCA |
Voss et al., 2013 [21] | 64.87 | 70 (25/45) | IG = 35; CG = 35 | Aerobic | 52 | 40 min | 3 times/week | MMSE |
Albinet et al., 2010 [11] | 70.65 | 24 (11/13) | IG = 12; CG = 12 | Aerobic | 12 | 60 min | 3 times/week | MMSE; WCST |
Fabre, 2002 [14] | 65.55 | 16 (3/13) | IG = 8; CG = 8 | Aerobic | 8 | 60 min | 2 times/week | WMS |
Mortimer et al., 2012 [16] | 68 | 60 (20/40) | IG = 30; CG = 30 | Aerobic | 40 | 50min | 3 times/week | TMT; WAIS; SCWT |
Muscari et al., 2010 [17] | 69.2 | 120 (62/58) | IG = 60; CG = 60 | Aerobic | 52 | 60 min | 3 times/week | MMSE |
Albinet et al., 2016 [10] | 66.53 | 36 (10/26) | IG = 19; CG = 17 | Aerobic | 21 | 60 min | 2 times/week | MMSE; SCWT |
Antunes et al., 2015 [12] | 66.97 | 46 (46/0) | IG = 23; CG = 23 | Aerobic | 26 | 60 min | 3 times/week | WAIS |
Karen et al., 2015 [13] | 64.58 | 40 (0/40) | IG = 23; CG = 17 | Aerobic | 26 | 60 min | 3 times/week | MMSE; WCST |
Lan Li et al., 2021 [26] | 70.48 | 84 (33/51) | IG = 42; CG = 42 | Resistance | 24 | 30min | 5 times/week | MMSE; MoCA |
Tsai et al., 2015 [29] | 71.4 | 48 (48/0) | IG = 24; CG = 24 | Resistance | 52 | 60 min | 3 times/week | MMSE |
Yoon et al., 2017 [30] | 76 | 30 (not stated) | IG = 23; CG = 7 | Resistance | 12 | 60 min | 2 times/week | MMSE; MoCA |
Liu-Ambrose et al., 2010 [27] | 69.62 | 101 (0/101) | IG = 52; CG = 49 | Resistance | 52 | 60 min | 2 times/week | MMSE; TMT; SCWT |
Liu-Ambrose et al., 2012 [28] | 69.31 | 52 (0/52) | IG = 15; CG = 17 | Resistance | 52 | 60 min | 2 times/week | MMSE |
Cassilhas et al., 2007 [23] | 68.08 | 62 (62/0) | IG = 39; CG = 23 | Resistance | 24 | 60 min | 3 times/week | WMS; WAIS |
Kimura et al., 2010 [25] | 74.33 | 119 (49/70) | IG = 65; CG = 54 | Resistance | 12 | 90 min | 2 times/week | MMSE |
Ansai et al., 2015 [22] | 82.7 | 46 (16/30) | IG = 23; CG = 23 | Resistance | 16 | 60 min | 3 times/week | MoCA |
Singh et al., 2014 [24] | 70.1 | 49 (33/16) | IG = 22; CG = 27 | Resistance | 26 | 75min | 2–3 times/week | WMS; WAIS |
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Xu, L.; Gu, H.; Cai, X.; Zhang, Y.; Hou, X.; Yu, J.; Sun, T. The Effects of Exercise for Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021088
Xu L, Gu H, Cai X, Zhang Y, Hou X, Yu J, Sun T. The Effects of Exercise for Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021088
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Liya, Hongyi Gu, Xiaowan Cai, Yimin Zhang, Xiao Hou, Jingjing Yu, and Tingting Sun. 2023. "The Effects of Exercise for Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021088