Public Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude Regarding Cancer Screening: A Community-Based Study in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Size
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Public Knowledge Regarding Cancer and Cancer Screening, Saudi Arabia
3.3. Public Practice Regarding Cancer Screening, Saudi Arabia
3.4. Participants’ Attitudes towards Cancer Screening, Saudi Arabia
3.5. Factors Associated with Public Knowledge Regarding Cancer and Cancer Screening, Saudi Arabia
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bio-Demographic Data | No | % |
---|---|---|
Age in years | ||
<20 | 295 | 22.5% |
20–29 | 594 | 45.2% |
30–39 | 156 | 11.9% |
40+ | 268 | 20.4% |
Gender | ||
Male | 585 | 44.6% |
Female | 728 | 55.4% |
Education | ||
Below secondary | 36 | 2.7% |
Secondary | 340 | 25.9% |
University/postgraduate | 937 | 71.4% |
Work in a healthcare sector | ||
Yes | 249 | 19.0% |
No | 1064 | 81.0% |
Monthly income | ||
<9000 SR | 281 | 21.4% |
9000–15,000 SR | 361 | 27.5% |
16,000–25,000 SR | 200 | 15.2% |
>25,000 SR | 107 | 8.1% |
Preferer not to mention | 364 | 27.7% |
Marital status | ||
Single | 818 | 62.3% |
Married | 437 | 33.3% |
Divorced/widow | 58 | 4.4% |
Personal history of cancer | ||
Yes | 26 | 2.0% |
No | 1287 | 98.0% |
Family history of cancer | ||
Yes | 578 | 44.0% |
No | 616 | 46.9% |
Don’t know | 119 | 9.1% |
Presence of chronic health problems | ||
Yes | 208 | 15.8% |
No | 1105 | 84.2% |
Knowledge Items | No | % |
---|---|---|
Do you know what is cancer screening? | ||
Yes | 793 | 60.4% |
No | 520 | 39.6% |
Benefits of cancer screening | ||
Detecting cancer early helps treat it | 1205 | 91.8% |
Early detection of cancer improves treatment outcomes | 1065 | 81.1% |
Individuals with a family history of cancer need cancer screening | 953 | 72.6% |
Some types of cancer we can avoid | 596 | 45.4% |
There is no type of cancer that we can avoid | 78 | 5.9% |
No benefit for cancer screening | 13 | 1.0% |
Which types of cancer can be screened? | ||
Breast cancer | 1233 | 93.9% |
Cancer colon | 392 | 29.9% |
Anal cancer | 169 | 12.9% |
Prostate cancer | 361 | 27.5% |
Lung cancer | 300 | 22.8% |
Ovarian cancer | 271 | 20.6% |
Blood cancer | 356 | 27.1% |
LN cancer | 241 | 18.4% |
Brain cancer | 178 | 13.6% |
Bone cancer | 160 | 12.2% |
How do you assess your knowledge about cancer risk? | ||
Good knowledge | 147 | 11.2% |
Moderate knowledge | 194 | 14.8% |
Poor knowledge | 421 | 32.1% |
Not sure of my knowledge | 551 | 42.0% |
Factors that reduce the risk of cancer? | ||
healthy diet | 996 | 75.9% |
Exercising and increasing physical activity | 1040 | 79.2% |
Decrease exposure to environmental pollutants | 885 | 67.4% |
Smoking cessation | 1090 | 83.0% |
Screening for people with a family history of cancer | 3 | 0.2% |
Consuming vitamins | 348 | 26.5% |
Others | 17 | 1.3% |
Practice | No | % |
---|---|---|
Previously experienced cancer screening | ||
Yes | 106 | 8.1% |
No | 1207 | 91.9% |
Causes for undergoing cancer screening | ||
Following the recommendation of the Saudi Ministry of Health | 55 | 52.9% |
For early detection of cancer | 56 | 53.8% |
Had a family history of cancer | 40 | 38.5% |
Where did you experience cancer screening? | ||
Primary healthcare center/hospital | 71 | 67.0% |
Screening campaigns | 33 | 31.1% |
Self-screening | 2 | 1.9% |
Time since last screening? | ||
<1 year | 9 | 8.5% |
1–4 years | 83 | 78.3% |
5–10 years | 10 | 9.4% |
>10 years | 4 | 3.8% |
Causes of not undergoing cancer screening | ||
Had no symptoms | 936 | 77.5% |
Still young | 380 | 31.5% |
Lack of time | 278 | 23.0% |
Fear of screening results | 221 | 18.3% |
Fear of screening procedure | 187 | 15.5% |
Financial difficulty | 159 | 13.2% |
No benefit to do | 119 | 9.9% |
Don’t know screening settings | 19 | 1.6% |
Others | 19 | 1.6% |
Factors | Overall Knowledge Level | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poor | Good | |||||
No | % | No | % | |||
Age in years | <20 | 211 | 71.5% | 84 | 28.5% | 0.025 * |
20–29 | 370 | 62.3% | 224 | 37.7% | ||
30–39 | 104 | 66.7% | 52 | 33.3% | ||
40+ | 187 | 69.8% | 81 | 30.2% | ||
Gender | Male | 386 | 66.0% | 199 | 34.0% | 0.767 |
Female | 486 | 66.8% | 242 | 33.2% | ||
Education | Below secondary | 26 | 72.2% | 10 | 27.8% | 0.061 |
Secondary | 242 | 71.2% | 98 | 28.8% | ||
University/above | 604 | 64.5% | 333 | 35.5% | ||
Work at healthcare sector | Yes | 104 | 41.8% | 145 | 58.2% | 0.001 * |
No | 768 | 72.2% | 296 | 27.8% | ||
Marital status | Single | 540 | 66.0% | 278 | 34.0% | 0.763 |
Married | 291 | 66.6% | 146 | 33.4% | ||
Divorced/widow | 41 | 70.7% | 17 | 29.3% | ||
Personal history of cancer | Yes | 17 | 65.4% | 9 | 34.6% | 0.911 |
No | 855 | 66.4% | 432 | 33.6% | ||
Family history of cancer | Yes | 357 | 61.8% | 221 | 38.2% | 0.004 * |
No | 437 | 70.9% | 179 | 29.1% | ||
Do not know | 78 | 65.5% | 41 | 34.5% | ||
Had chronic health problems | Yes | 123 | 59.1% | 85 | 40.9% | 0.015 * |
No | 749 | 67.8% | 356 | 32.2% | ||
Previously experienced cancer screening | Yes | 58 | 54.7% | 48 | 45.3% | 0.008 * |
No | 814 | 67.4% | 393 | 32.6% | ||
Source of information | Internet & social media | 668 | 65.2% | 356 | 34.8% | 0.001 * $ |
health campaigns | 394 | 60.3% | 259 | 39.7% | ||
Health care staff | 144 | 46.3% | 167 | 53.7% | ||
Schools/university | 277 | 55.6% | 221 | 44.4% | ||
Family & friends | 265 | 63.9% | 150 | 36.1% | ||
Books | 76 | 45.2% | 92 | 54.8% | ||
TV | 127 | 57.5% | 94 | 42.5% | ||
None | 93 | 81.6% | 21 | 18.4% |
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Share and Cite
Elmaghraby, D.A.; Alshalla, A.A.; Alyahyan, A.; Altaweel, M.; Al ben Hamad, A.M.; Alhunfoosh, K.M.; AlJuwaysim, M.F.; Aljumah, D.J.; Albahrani, M.A. Public Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude Regarding Cancer Screening: A Community-Based Study in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021114
Elmaghraby DA, Alshalla AA, Alyahyan A, Altaweel M, Al ben Hamad AM, Alhunfoosh KM, AlJuwaysim MF, Aljumah DJ, Albahrani MA. Public Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude Regarding Cancer Screening: A Community-Based Study in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021114
Chicago/Turabian StyleElmaghraby, Dalia Ahmed, Ahmed Ali Alshalla, Anas Alyahyan, Muntathir Altaweel, Ahmad Mohammed Al ben Hamad, Khalid Mohammed Alhunfoosh, Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim, Duaa Jawad Aljumah, and Mohammed Abdullah Albahrani. 2023. "Public Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude Regarding Cancer Screening: A Community-Based Study in Saudi Arabia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021114