Dynamometric Strength Profile of Hip Muscles in Youth Soccer Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Anthropometric Measurement
2.4. Muscle Strength
2.5. Experimental Procedure
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Absolute (N · m) and Relative (N · m/kg) Muscular Strength
3.2. Unilateral Conventional Strength Ratio
3.3. Unilateral Functional Strength Ratio
3.4. Bilateral Strength Balance
4. Discussion
4.1. Absolute and Relative Maximum Strength of Hip Abduction and Adduction
4.2. Absolute and Relative Maximum Strength of Hip Flexion and Extension
4.3. Conventional Strength Ratio
4.4. Functional Strength Ratio
4.5. Bilateral Strength Balance
4.6. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Defenders (n = 13) Mean ± SD | Midfielders (n = 12) Mean ± SD | Forwards (n = 12) Mean ± SD |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 17.07 ± 0.49 | 16.75 ± 1.35 | 17.25 ± 0.75 |
Weight (kg) | 70.23 ± 5.06 | 63.16 ± 6.67 | 66.58 ± 4.46 |
Height (m) | 1.74 ± 0.04 | 1.69 ± 0.04 | 1.68 ± 0.04 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.11 ± 1.26 | 21.84 ± 1.75 | 23.50 ± 1.27 |
Side | Velocity | Movement | Maximum Strength | Defenders (n = 13) Mean ± SD | Midfielders (n = 12) Mean ± SD | Forwards (n = 12) Mean ± SD | p-Value | ES |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Left | 0.5 m/seg | ABD CON | Absolute | 256.00 ± 101.52 | 201.08 ± 37.62 | 238.25 ± 46.47 | 0.147 | 0.052 |
Relative | 3.62 ± 1.35 | 3.22 ± 0.74 | 3.60 ± 0.86 | 0.569 | 0.000 | |||
ABD ECC | Absolute | 310.61 ± 47.74 | 275.25 ± 46.36 | 317.50 ± 59.55 | 0.111 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 4.43 ± 0.70 | 4.38 ± 0.78 | 4.81 ± 1.05 | 0.421 | 0.000 | |||
ADD CON | Absolute | 287.84 ± 67.64 | 252.41 ± 80.24 | 266.50 ± 28.67 | 0.375 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 4.08 ± 0.87 | 3.98 ± 1.10 | 4.02 ± 0.54 | 0.955 | 0.000 | |||
ADD ECC | Absolute | 404.38 ± 82.59 | 351.25 ± 74.97 | 381.33 ± 57.17 | 0.203 | 0.035 | ||
Relative | 5.74 ± 1.00 | 5.61 ± 1.34 | 5.77 ± 1.10 | 0.939 | 0.000 | |||
EXT CON | Absolute | 307.15 ± 74.92 | 289.00 ± 85.33 | 304.16 ± 37.97 | 0.786 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 4.35 ± 0.90 | 4.58 ± 1.26 | 4.60 ± 0.81 | 0.779 | 0.000 | |||
EXT ECC | Absolute | 416.53 ± 84.03 | 395.16 ± 98.72 | 436.75 ± 113.49 | 0.594 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 5.91 ± 0.98 | 6.33 ± 1.79 | 6.59 ± 1.78 | 0.549 | 0.000 | |||
FLE CON | Absolute | 464.15 ± 136.11 | 406.58 ± 95.32 | 430.33 ± 106.35 | 0.458 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 6.60 ± 1.90 | 6.48 ± 1.52 | 6.48 ± 1.60 | 0.979 | 0.000 | |||
FLE ECC | Absolute | 567.15 ± 86.27 | 518.91 ± 70.82 | 538.08 ± 63.85 | 0.278 | 0.017 | ||
Relative | 8.10 ± 1.27 | 8.30 ± 1.45 | 8.13 ± 1.25 | 0.924 | 0.000 | |||
Right | 0.5 m/seg | ABD CON | Absolute | 235.69 ± 54.90 | 192.83 ± 41.16 | 227.08 ± 46.36 | 0.079 | 0.085 |
Relative | 3.36 ± 0.82 | 3.06 ± 0.59 | 3.42 ± 0.73 | 0.425 | 0.000 | |||
ABD ECC | Absolute | 333.07 ± 77.38 | 257.41 ± 54.64 | 284.08 ± 51.35 | 0.016 * | 0.167 | ||
Relative | 4.78 ± 1.28 | 4.11 ± 0.93 | 4.32 ± 1.08 | 0.312 | 0.010 | |||
ADD CON | Absolute | 292.69 ± 72.18 | 256.08 ± 46.58 | 277.00 ± 30.46 | 0.242 | 0.025 | ||
Relative | 4.15 ± 0.93 | 4.06 ± 0.63 | 4.18 ± 0.62 | 0.913 | 0.000 | |||
ADD ECC | Absolute | 420.38 ± 86.30 | 324.41 ± 62.77 | 374.75 ± 57.68 | 0.007 * | 0.205 | ||
Relative | 6.00 ± 1.26 | 5.13 ± 0.75 | 5.66 ± 1.00 | 0.125 | 0.061 | |||
EXT CON | Absolute | 331.07 ± 80.05 | 301.41 ± 67.67 | 335.33 ± 61.54 | 0.444 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 4.70 ± 1.02 | 4.78 ± 0.97 | 5.06 ± 1.00 | 0.651 | 0.000 | |||
EXT ECC | Absolute | 396.84 ± 53.13 | 383.58 ± 80.89 | 406.16 ± 72.98 | 0.728 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 5.65 ± 0.63 | 6.15 ± 1.58 | 6.13 ± 1.28 | 0.511 | 0.000 | |||
FLE CON | Absolute | 487.61 ± 106.33 | 396.66 ± 107.26 | 448.33 ± 130.54 | 0.156 | 0.049 | ||
Relative | 6.92 ± 1.33 | 6.37 ± 1.94 | 6.75 ± 1.98 | 0.729 | 0.000 | |||
FLE ECC | Absolute | 586.38 ± 83.96 | 511.50 ± 85.82 | 540.75 ± 101.22 | 0.128 | 0.060 | ||
Relative | 8.35 ± 1.12 | 8.11 ± 1.27 | 8.16 ± 1.68 | 0.899 | 0.000 | |||
Left | 1 m/seg | ABD CON | Absolute | 218.69 ± 71.89 | 207.58 ± 69.12 | 268.33 ± 103.66 | 0.173 | 0.043 |
Relative | 3.12 ± 1.07 | 3.34 ± 1.25 | 4.06 ± 1.72 | 0.216 | 0.031 | |||
ABD ECC | Absolute | 416.07 ± 149.60 | 357.50 ± 94.60 | 381.66 ± 117.90 | 0.498 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 5.95 ± 2.19 | 5.69 ± 1.62 | 5.80 ± 2.01 | 0.948 | 0.000 | |||
ADD CON | Absolute | 306.30 ± 85.01 | 266.33 ± 90.39 | 265.25 ± 66.50 | 0.362 | 0.002 | ||
Relative | 4.33 ± 1.08 | 4.20 ± 1.32 | 4.02 ± 1.15 | 0.803 | 0.000 | |||
ADD ECC | Absolute | 435.07 ± 72.14 | 379.25 ± 53.26 | 401.16 ± 50.81 | 0.077 | 0.087 | ||
Relative | 6.18 ± 0.90 | 5.99 ± 0.48 | 6.07 ± 1.04 | 0.849 | 0.000 | |||
EXT CON | Absolute | 316.92 ± 77.74 | 296.33 ± 87.19 | 295.66 ± 53.91 | 0.718 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 4.48 ± 0.85 | 4.71 ± 1.32 | 4.46 ± 0.91 | 0.810 | 0.000 | |||
EXT ECC | Absolute | 557.84 ± 177.82 | 535.91 ± 187.89 | 509.33 ± 169.37 | 0.795 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 7.86 ± 2.08 | 8.49 ± 2.93 | 7.69 ± 2.60 | 0.718 | 0.000 | |||
FLE CON | Absolute | 436.84 ± 112.86 | 412.58 ± 122.75 | 393.41 ± 96.41 | 0.623 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 6.17 ± 1.26 | 6.60 ± 2.10 | 5.92 ± 1.49 | 0.600 | 0.000 | |||
FLE ECC | Absolute | 668.46 ± 79.06 | 622.16 ± 71.08 | 611.16 ± 81.21 | 0.157 | 0.049 | ||
Relative | 9.55 ± 1.23 | 9.92 ± 1.38 | 9.26 ± 1.77 | 0.555 | 0.000 | |||
Right | 1 m/seg | ABD CON | Absolute | 209.76 ± 41.51 | 187.16 ± 33.39 | 210.58 ± 49.69 | 0.309 | 0.011 |
Relative | 2.98 ± 0.55 | 2.97 ± 0.52 | 3.19 ± 0.90 | 0.678 | 0.000 | |||
ABD ECC | Absolute | 413.07 ± 119.00 | 360.16 ± 94.46 | 357.58 ± 88.32 | 0.316 | 0.010 | ||
Relative | 5.93 ± 1.86 | 5.74 ± 1.61 | 5.44 ± 1.63 | 0.778 | 0.000 | |||
ADD CON | Absolute | 290.30 ± 64.10 | 295.91 ± 111.53 | 283.33 ± 56.18 | 0.929 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 4.12 ± 0.78 | 4.71 ± 1.87 | 4.27 ± 0.89 | 0.492 | 0.000 | |||
ADD ECC | Absolute | 459.76 ± 93.18 | 357.91 ± 62.92 | 384.41 ± 95.08 | 0.014 * | 0.172 | ||
Relative | 6.57 ± 1.37 | 5.66 ± 0.68 | 5.82 ± 1.54 | 0.170 | 0.044 | |||
EXT CON | Absolute | 336.07 ± 80.32 | 319.75 ± 75.55 | 322.75 ± 47.53 | 0.822 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 4.75 ± 0.93 | 5.08 ± 1.12 | 4.86 ± 0.75 | 0.692 | 0.000 | |||
EXT ECC | Absolute | 508.23 ± 122.76 | 566.41 ± 171.39 | 520.25 ± 169.96 | 0.623 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 7.26 ± 1.79 | 9.02 ± 2.68 | 7.90 ± 2.85 | 0.214 | 0.031 | |||
FLE CON | Absolute | 488.92 ± 125.87 | 424.83 ± 123.96 | 430.08 ± 143.53 | 0.404 | 0.000 | ||
Relative | 6.91 ± 1.53 | 6.76 ± 1.96 | 6.49 ± 2.21 | 0.858 | 0.000 | |||
FLE ECC | Absolute | 674.00 ± 63.71 | 632.41 ± 113.25 | 603.16 ± 93.54 | 0.166 | 0.045 | ||
Relative | 9.60 ± 0.77 | 9.99 ± 1.30 | 9.11 ± 1.74 | 0.277 | 0.017 |
Velocity | Unilateral Ratio | Side | Muscle Action | Defenders (n = 13) Mean ± SD | Midfielders (n = 12) Mean ± SD | Forwards (n = 12) Mean ± SD | p-Value | ES |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 m/seg | ABD/ADD Conventional | Left | CON/CON | 89.51 ± 24.85 | 83.97 ± 18.30 | 90.45 ± 22.37 | 0.739 | 0.000 |
ECC/ECC | 79.36 ± 18.18 | 81.40 ± 19.52 | 85.09 ± 20.10 | 0.755 | 0.000 | |||
Right | CON/CON | 81.43 ± 11.42 | 75.46 ± 8.66 | 81.93 ± 13.70 | 0.313 | 0.010 | ||
ECC/ECC | 82.30 ± 24.19 | 81.29 ± 20.40 | 76.70 ± 14.03 | 0.765 | 0.000 | |||
1 m/seg | ABD/ADD Conventional | Left | CON/CON | 75.140 ± 24.96 | 81.26 ± 27.80 | 102.76 ± 30.11 | 0.045 * | 0.114 |
ECC/ECC | 97.04 ± 33.63 | 94.52 ± 23.27 | 95.43 ± 28.19 | 0.975 | 0.000 | |||
Right | CON/CON | 73.50 ± 12.49 | 67.91 ± 16.62 | 76.14 ± 18.76 | 0.448 | 0.000 | ||
ECC/ECC | 93.14 ± 33.78 | 101.69 ± 26.22 | 94.62 ± 16.53 | 0.701 | 0.000 | |||
0.5 m/seg | ABD/ADD Functional | Left | CON/ECC | 63.57 ± 20.64 | 58.63 ± 11.51 | 63.88 ± 16.33 | 0.688 | 0.000 |
ECC/CON | 115.17 ± 39.24 | 116.30 ± 30.61 | 121. 14 ± 29.71 | 0.897 | 0.000 | |||
Right | CON/ECC | 56.89 ± 12.24 | 60.25 ± 12.06 | 61.20 ± 11.94 | 0.645 | 0.000 | ||
ECC/CON | 120.96 ± 44.50 | 102.27 ± 20.98 | 102.64 ± 14.70 | 0.219 | 0.030 | |||
1 m/seg | ABD/ADD Functional | Left | CON/ECC | 50.67 ± 14.43 | 55.32 ± 18.49 | 67.83 ± 26.18 | 0.106 | 0.069 |
ECC/CON | 146.95 ± 64.81 | 150.21 ± 66.07 | 153.93 ± 66.88 | 0.965 | 0.000 | |||
Right | CON/ECC | 46.54 ± 9.89 | 53.37 ± 11.48 | 58.41 ± 20.34 | 0.137 | 0.056 | ||
ECC/CON | 150.69 ± 61.46 | 134.91 ± 55.86 | 128.94 ± 31.34 | 0.555 | 0.000 | |||
0.5 m/seg | FLE/EXT Conventional | Left | CON/CON | 150.97 ± 24.40 | 144.77 ± 29.71 | 141.87 ± 30.94 | 0.715 | 0.000 |
ECC/ECC | 139.52 ± 26.67 | 138.93 ± 38.32 | 129.12 ± 30.87 | 0.672 | 0.000 | |||
Right | CON/CON | 149.36 ± 20.16 | 136.42 ± 38.27 | 136.23 ± 43.79 | 0.565 | 0.000 | ||
ECC/ECC | 148.51 ± 19.06 | 135.70 ± 20.39 | 134.70 ± 23.91 | 0.202 | 0.035 | |||
1 m/seg | FLE/EXT Conventional | Left | CON/CON | 139.97 ± 29.16 | 141.51 ± 31.39 | 134.61 ± 29.87 | 0.841 | 0.000 |
ECC/ECC | 128.57 ± 32.92 | 128.26 ± 41.83 | 129.22 ± 34.12 | 0.997 | 0.000 | |||
Right | CON/CON | 150.10 ± 47.04 | 132.00 ± 19.98 | 131.45 ± 30.27 | 0.319 | 0.009 | ||
ECC/ECC | 138.05 ± 28.31 | 119.26 ± 36.90 | 122.92 ± 26.16 | 0.278 | 0.017 | |||
0.5 m/seg | FLE/EXT Functional | Left | CON/ECC | 112.140 ± 28.44 | 107.65 ± 29.48 | 104.28 ± 34.69 | 0.816 | 0.000 |
ECC/CON | 192.96 ± 46.79 | 190.15 ± 51.23 | 178.79 ± 25.53 | 0.688 | 0.000 | |||
Right | CON/ECC | 122.67 ± 20.57 | 104.78 ± 26.48 | 113.54 ± 40.91 | 0.347 | 0.004 | ||
ECC/CON | 186.04 ± 51.24 | 173.04 ± 26.25 | 163.02 ± 27.97 | 0.316 | 0.010 | |||
1 m/seg | FLE/EXT Functional | Left | CON/ECC | 81.37 ± 17.48 | 79.85 ± 19.67 | 85.36 ± 32.42 | 0.844 | 0.000 |
ECC/CON | 219.65 ± 44.57 | 224.53 ± 65.90 | 211.74 ± 39.79 | 0.826 | 0.000 | |||
Right | CON/ECC | 100.13 ± 31.73 | 78.80 ± 25.25 | 89.31 ± 35.35 | 0.244 | 0.024 | ||
ECC/CON | 209.52 ± 47.16 | 204.91 ± 49.78 | 189.04 ± 30.27 | 0.478 | 0.000 |
Bilateral Strength Balance | Velocity | Muscle Action | Defenders (n = 13) Mean ± SD | Midfielders (n = 12) Mean ± SD | Forwards (n = 12) Mean ± SD | p-Value | ES |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABD/ABD | 0.5 m/seg | CON | 13.53 ± 13.31 | 11.85 ± 7.61 | 15.78 ± 13.71 | 0.722 | 0.000 |
ECC | 14.63 ± 10.84 | 12.62 ± 10.19 | 12.12 ± 16.20 | 0.871 | 0.000 | ||
1 m/seg | CON | 13.81 ± 10.59 | 17.71 ± 16.44 | 18.82 ± 15.08 | 0.650 | 0.000 | |
ECC | 15.49 ± 20.04 | 11.72 ± 12.47 | 16.03 ± 11.78 | 0.756 | 0.000 | ||
ADD/ADD | 0.5 m/seg | CON | 9.77 ± 9.28 | 14.47 ± 11.79 | 10.69 ± 7.29 | 0.446 | 0.000 |
ECC | 10.96 ± 11.99 | 13.52 ± 13.38 | 10.66 ± 4.61 | 0.773 | 0.000 | ||
1 m/seg | CON | 16.01 ± 11.56 | 16.61 ± 11.93 | 19.35 ± 12.90 | 0.769 | 0.000 | |
ECC | 14.11 ± 11.06 | 10.41 ± 5.38 | 13.52 ± 8.17 | 0.526 | 0.000 | ||
EXT/EXT | 0.5 m/seg | CON | 8.95 ± 6.57 | 10.54 ± 5.10 | 11.04 ± 10.96 | 0.786 | 0.000 |
ECC | 7.11 ± 4.31 | 12.22 ± 14.23 | 10.02 ± 12.62 | 0.519 | 0.000 | ||
1 m/seg | CON | 12.14 ± 6.33 | 14.27 ± 6.35 | 13.65 ± 9.31 | 0.761 | 0.000 | |
ECC | 17.50 ± 15.22 | 25.23 ± 17.63 | 19.58 ± 12.16 | 0.434 | 0.000 | ||
FLE/FLE | 0.5 m/seg | CON | 11.80 ± 7.50 | 16.99 ± 19.31 | 11.56 ± 7.49 | 0.493 | 0.000 |
ECC | 8.10 ± 5.69 | 11.24 ± 9.08 | 9.06 ± 9.18 | 0.619 | 0.000 | ||
1 m/seg | CON | 16.60 ± 14.95 | 14.64 ± 9.82 | 22.03 ± 14.68 | 0.385 | 0.000 | |
ECC | 6.11 ± 4.15 | 12.31 ± 9.92 | 7.57 ± 5.91 | 0.087 | 0.080 |
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Contreras-Díaz, G.; Chirosa-Ríos, L.J.; Chirosa-Ríos, I.; Riego-Ruiz, A.; Intelangelo, L.; Tuesta-Roa, M.; Morales-Zúñiga, J.; Jerez-Mayorga, D. Dynamometric Strength Profile of Hip Muscles in Youth Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021291
Contreras-Díaz G, Chirosa-Ríos LJ, Chirosa-Ríos I, Riego-Ruiz A, Intelangelo L, Tuesta-Roa M, Morales-Zúñiga J, Jerez-Mayorga D. Dynamometric Strength Profile of Hip Muscles in Youth Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021291
Chicago/Turabian StyleContreras-Díaz, Guido, Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos, Ignacio Chirosa-Ríos, Antonio Riego-Ruiz, Leonardo Intelangelo, Marcelo Tuesta-Roa, Jorge Morales-Zúñiga, and Daniel Jerez-Mayorga. 2023. "Dynamometric Strength Profile of Hip Muscles in Youth Soccer Players" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021291