Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis Interplay—A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology of CKD and PO
2.1. Association of PO and CKD
2.2. Potential Causality and Biderctional Determinism
2.3. PO Increases Morbidity and Mortality in CKD
2.4. Need for Uniform Definitions
3. Pathogenic Link of PO and CKD
3.1. Oral Microbiota: Dysbiosis in PO and CKD
3.2. TLR-Mediated Activation and Microbial Escape Mechanisms in PO and CKD
3.3. Systemic Inflammation and Proinflammatory Cytokines in CKD and PO
3.4. Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress
3.5. Metabolic and Homeostatic Changes in CKD and Their Influences on PO
4. Confounding Disease
4.1. Diabetic Nephropathy
4.2. Cardiovascular Disease
4.3. Effect of Medication
5. Treatment
6. Strengths and Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baciu, S.F.; Mesaroș, A.-Ș.; Kacso, I.M. Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis Interplay—A Narrative Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021298
Baciu SF, Mesaroș A-Ș, Kacso IM. Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis Interplay—A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021298
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaciu, Sorana Florica, Anca-Ștefania Mesaroș, and Ina Maria Kacso. 2023. "Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis Interplay—A Narrative Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021298