What Matters on Rural Left-Behind Children’s Problem Behavior: Family Socioeconomic Status or Perceived Discrimination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Family Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Left-Behind Children’s Problem Behavior
1.2. Discrimination and Left-Behind Children’s Problem Behavior
1.3. The Current Study
2. Method
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Family Socioeconomic Status
2.2.2. Perceived Discrimination
2.2.3. Problem Behavior
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Result
3.1. Family SES with Left-Behind and Non-Left-Behind Children
3.2. Comparison of Perceived Discrimination and Problem Behavior between Left-Behind and Non-Left-Behind Children
3.3. Relationships between Family SES, Perceived Discrimination, and Problem Behavior of Left-Behind and Non-Left-Behind Children
3.4. Association of Family SES and Perceived Discrimination with Problem Behavior of Left-Behind and Non-Left-Behind Children
4. Discussion
4.1. What Does a Lower Family SES Mean for Children
4.2. Left-Behind Children Have Higher Perceived Discrimination and Disciplinary Violation
4.3. The Impact of Perceived Discrimination on Left-Behind Children Was More Noteworthy Than That of Family SES
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Students’ Information | N | 100% |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 219 | 50.0 |
Female | 219 | 50.0 |
Grade | ||
Grade 5~6 | 100 | 22.8 |
Grade 7 | 112 | 25.6 |
Grade 8 | 121 | 27.6 |
Grade 9 | 125 | 24.0 |
Left-behind or not | ||
Yes | 284 | 64.8 |
No | 154 | 35.2 |
Situation of parents | ||
No one works outside | 145 | 33.1 |
Both work outside | 115 | 26.3 |
Father works outside | 165 | 37.7 |
Mother works outside | 13 | 3.0 |
Time of parents’ working outside | ||
No one works outside | 145 | 33.1 |
Less than 6 months | 72 | 16.4 |
6 months to 1 year | 117 | 26.7 |
1–2 years | 39 | 8.9 |
2–4 years | 21 | 4.8 |
More than 5 years | 44 | 10.0 |
Left-Behind (N = 284) | Non-Left-Behind (N = 154) | F | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||
Learning Maladaptation | 1.78 | 0.61 | 1.74 | 0.63 | 0.474 |
Aggressive Behavior | 1.33 | 0.43 | 1.31 | 0.44 | 0.363 |
Disciplinary Violation | 1.17 | 0.35 | 1.10 | 0.19 | 4.873 * |
Withdrawals | 1.38 | 0.47 | 1.30 | 0.41 | 3.489 |
Neuroticism | 1.35 | 0.51 | 1.33 | 0.51 | 0.167 |
Exam Anxiety | 2.01 | 0.89 | 2.07 | 0.92 | 0.480 |
Problem behaviors | 1.43 | 0.38 | 1.39 | 0.34 | 1.348 |
Family SES | Perceived Discrimination | Problem Behavior | |
---|---|---|---|
Family SES | 1 | ||
Perceived Discrimination | −0.113 a (−0.095 b) | 1 | |
Problem Behavior | −0.124 a* (−0.078 b) | 0.333 a**(0.212 b**) | 1 |
Predictor Variable | Problem Behavior | |
---|---|---|
Standardizeβ | ΔR2 | |
Family SES | −0.111 a (−0.058 b) | 0.011 a (0.003 b) |
Perceived Discrimination | 0.335 a*** (0.211 b**) | 0.107 a (0.043 b) |
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Fu, W.; Xue, R.; Chai, H.; Sun, W.; Jiang, F. What Matters on Rural Left-Behind Children’s Problem Behavior: Family Socioeconomic Status or Perceived Discrimination. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021334
Fu W, Xue R, Chai H, Sun W, Jiang F. What Matters on Rural Left-Behind Children’s Problem Behavior: Family Socioeconomic Status or Perceived Discrimination. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021334
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Wangqian, Rui Xue, Hongqin Chai, Wenxiang Sun, and Fangrui Jiang. 2023. "What Matters on Rural Left-Behind Children’s Problem Behavior: Family Socioeconomic Status or Perceived Discrimination" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021334