Role of Parity and Age in Cesarean Section Rate among Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Hail, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
The Aim of the Study Is as Follows
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Patient and Method
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethical Consideration
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Recommendation
4.2. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Delivery | Total (n = 500) | Likelihood Ratio | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS (n = 243) (48.6%) | NVD (n = 257) (51.4%) | ||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | Test Value | p-Value | ||
Age group | <25 | 30 | 58.8% | 21 | 41.2% | 51 | 10.2% | 5.327 | 0.07 |
25–35 | 137 | 54.8% | 113 | 45.2% | 250 | 50.0% | |||
35 or more | 90 | 45.2% | 109 | 54.8% | 199 | 39.8% | |||
Parity | Primipara | 82 | 33.7% | 77 | 30.0% | 159 | 31.8% | 1.962 | 0.580 |
Multipara | 112 | 46.1% | 123 | 47.9% | 235 | 47.0% | |||
Grand multipara | 45 | 18.5% | 55 | 21.4% | 100 | 20.0% | |||
Great-grand multipara | 4 | 1.6% | 2 | 0.8% | 6 | 1.2% |
Type of Delivery | Total (n = 500) | Likelihood Ratio | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS (n = 243) | NVD (n = 257) | ||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | Test Value | p-Value | ||
Occupation of mother | Housewife | 207 | 47.70% | 227 | 52.30% | 434 | 86.80% | 1.076 | 0.300 |
Working | 36 | 54.55% | 30 | 45.45% | 66 | 13.20% | |||
Income | >15,000 | 215 | 47.4% | 239 | 52.6% | 454 | 90.8% | 3.116 | 0.211 |
15,000–30,000 | 24 | 61.5% | 15 | 38.5% | 39 | 7.8% | |||
>30,000 | 4 | 57.1% | 3 | 42.9% | 7 | 1.4% | |||
Level of Education | Illiterate | 33 | 56.90% | 25 | 43.10% | 58 | 11.60% | 7.937 | 0.160 |
Elementary school | 9 | 33.33% | 18 | 66.67% | 27 | 5.40% | |||
Intermediate school | 76 | 44.19% | 96 | 55.81% | 172 | 34.40% | |||
High school | 108 | 50.23% | 107 | 49.77% | 215 | 43.00% | |||
Bachelor | 13 | 65.00% | 7 | 35.00% | 20 | 4.00% | |||
Higher education | 4 | 50.00% | 4 | 50.00% | 8 | 1.60% | |||
BMI Classification | <18.5 | 4 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 4 | 0.80% | 26.521 | 0.000 * |
18.5–24.9 | 19 | 54.29% | 16 | 45.71% | 35 | 7.00% | |||
25–29.9 | 33 | 33.33% | 66 | 66.67% | 99 | 19.80% | |||
30–34.9 | 66 | 43.71% | 85 | 56.29% | 151 | 30.20% | |||
35–39.9 | 61 | 52.14% | 56 | 47.86% | 117 | 23.40% | |||
≥40 | 60 | 63.83% | 34 | 36.17% | 94 | 18.80% | |||
Chi-square | X2 | 66.157 | |||||||
p-value | <0.001 * |
Age Group | Total | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than 25 | 25–35 | >35 | |||
Malpresentation | 2 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 0.021 |
6.9% | 14.3% | 4.0% | |||
Macrosomia | 1 | 0 | 8 | 9 | 0.885 |
3.4% | 0.0% | 13.5% | |||
Failure of induction | 20 | 24 | 71 | 115 | 0.125 |
69.0% | 49.0% | 72.3% | |||
Fetal Distress | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 0.000 |
6.9% | 8.2% | 4.2% | |||
Failure of progress of 1st and 2nd stage of labor | 0 | 2 | 18 | 20 | 0.196 |
0.0% | 4.1% | 24.9% | |||
Previous 1 scar | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 0.959 |
0.0% | 4.1% | 10.1% | |||
Previous 2 or more scars | 0 | 3 | 30 | 33 | 0.959 |
0.0% | 6.1% | 36.2% | |||
Placenta previa | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 0.143 |
0.0% | 4.1% | 4.0% | |||
Abruptio placentae | 2 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 0.048 |
6.9% | 6.1% | 10.1% |
Reason for LSCS | Parity | Total | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primipara | Multipara | Grand Multipara | Great-Grand Multipara | |||
Malpresentation | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0.000 |
12.3% | 4.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 5.8% | ||
Macrosomia | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0.060 |
2.7% | 2.6% | 7.7% | 0.0% | 3.7% | ||
Failure of induction | 41 | 44 | 29 | 1 | 115 | 0.000 |
56.2% | 38.3% | 55.8% | 33.3% | 47.3% | ||
Fetal Distress | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0.050 |
9.6% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.7% | ||
Failure of progress of 1st and 2nd stage of labor | 0 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 20 | 0.300 |
0.0% | 13.0% | 9.6% | 0.0% | 8.2% | ||
Previous 1 scar | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0.670 |
1.4% | 5.2% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 3.3% | ||
Previous 2 or more scars | 2 | 27 | 3 | 1 | 33 | 0.050 |
2.7% | 23.5% | 5.8% | 33.3% | 13.6% | ||
Placenta previa | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 0.049 |
0.0% | 3.5% | 5.8% | 0.0% | 2.9% | ||
Abruptio placentae | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 0.035 |
4.1% | 5.2% | 1.9% | 33.3% | 4.5% |
PMH | Type of Delivery | Total | Fisher’s Exact Test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS | NVD | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | p-Value | |
Anemia | 10 | 4.1% | 27 | 10.5% | 37 | 7.4% | 0.005 * |
Hypertension | 8 | 3.3% | 3 | 1.2% | 11 | 2.2% | 0.094 |
DM | 14 | 5.8% | 2 | .8% | 16 | 3.2% | 0.001 * |
GDM | 22 | 9.1% | 6 | 2.3% | 28 | 5.6% | 0.001 * |
Cardiac Disease | 4 | 1.6% | 1 | 0.4% | 5 | 1.0% | 0.169 |
Perineal Tear | 13 | 5.3% | 2 | 0.8% | 15 | 3.0% | 0.002 * |
APH | 6 | 2.5% | 2 | 0.8% | 8 | 1.6% | 0.125 |
Placenta previa | 6 | 2.5% | 1 | 0.4% | 7 | 1.4% | 0.053 |
preterm labour | 21 | 8.6% | 14 | 5.4% | 35 | 7.0% | 0.110 |
Pre-Eclampsia | 11 | 4.5% | 3 | 1.2% | 14 | 2.8% | 0.021 * |
p-Value | Odd Ratio | 95% C.I. for Odd Ratio | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
BMI | 0.015 * | 1.036 | 1.007 | 1.065 |
Past Medical History of Anemia | 0.004 * | 0.304 | 0.134 | 0.691 |
Past Medical History of DM | 0.030 * | 5.435 | 1.181 | 25.016 |
Past Medical History of GDM | 0.035 * | 2.821 | 1.075 | 7.403 |
Past History of Perineal Tear | 0.012 * | 7.555 | 1.552 | 36.787 |
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Share and Cite
Alshammari, R.F.; Khan, F.H.; Alkwai, H.M.; Alenazi, F.; Alshammari, K.F.; Sogeir, E.K.A.; Batool, A.; Khalid, A.A. Role of Parity and Age in Cesarean Section Rate among Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021486
Alshammari RF, Khan FH, Alkwai HM, Alenazi F, Alshammari KF, Sogeir EKA, Batool A, Khalid AA. Role of Parity and Age in Cesarean Section Rate among Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Hail, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021486
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlshammari, Reem Falah, Farida Habib Khan, Hend Mohammed Alkwai, Fahaad Alenazi, Khalid Farhan Alshammari, Ehab Kamal Ahmed Sogeir, Asma Batool, and Ayesha Akbar Khalid. 2023. "Role of Parity and Age in Cesarean Section Rate among Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Hail, Saudi Arabia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021486