Onboarding in Polish Enterprises in the Perspective of HR Specialists
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Considerations
2.1. The Concept of Onboarding
2.2. Levels, Components, and Types of Onboarding
3. Methodology
3.1. Research Area
- What type of onboarding is most common in different types of Polish enterprises?
- Does the preference for particular onboarding practices depend on the gender, age, and seniority of an HR specialist who prepares and implements the onboarding process in an enterprise?
- Does the introduction of a buddy practice depend on the type of enterprise?
3.2. Research Tool
- A referral to pre-employment medical examination.
- Handing tools/equipment necessary for performing the job (e.g., laptop, phone, clothing).
- Granting access to places and services necessary for performing the job (e.g., parking lot, employee ID card, email address).
- Providing information on the company’s values, vision, and mission.
- Ensuring that employee hiring formalities are completed properly.
- Providing information on the company’s policies, procedures, and regulations.
- Providing information on the departments or organizational units that are the most important from the point of view of an employee’s position.
- Providing information on an employee’s duties and ways of performing them.
- Introducing employees to their superiors.
- Introducing employees to their department/team.
4. Results
4.1. The Type of Company (in Which an HR Specialist Works) and the Type of Onboarding Implemented
4.2. Characteristics of the Respondents
4.3. Preference for Particular Onboarding Practices and Respondents’ Gender
4.4. Preference for Particular Onboarding Practices and the Respondents’ Age
4.5. Preference for Particular Onboarding Practices and the Respondents’ Work Experience (Seniority)
4.6. The Type of Company and Assignment of a Buddy
4.7. Summary
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions, Ethical Aspect of the Study, and Limitations and Directions for Further Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Company | General | Team | Position | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Manufacturing | Mean | 4,0800 | 1,8400 | 2,5600 |
N | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
Standard deviation | 1,32035 | 0.37417 | 0.86987 | |
Trading | Mean | 4,1471 | 1,7353 | 2,5882 |
N | 34 | 34 | 34 | |
Standard deviation | 1,15817 | 0.61835 | 0.95719 | |
Service | Mean | 4,0588 | 1,7983 | 2,6050 |
N | 119 | 119 | 119 | |
Standard deviation | 1,36104 | 0.53011 | 0.69158 | |
Total | Mean | 4,0787 | 1,7921 | 2,5955 |
N | 178 | 178 | 178 | |
Standard deviation | 1,31248 | 0.52781 | 0.76975 |
Gender | 1 * | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Man | Mean | 4,38 | 4,0000 | 3,8537 | 3,5714 | 4,0238 | 4,0000 | 4,1875 | 3,6053 | 3,9130 | 3,8043 |
N | 42 | 43 | 41 | 35 | 42 | 46 | 48 | 38 | 46 | 46 | |
Standard deviation | 1,147 | 1,17514 | 1,25620 | 1,37810 | 1,27811 | 1,36626 | 1,29904 | 1,30569 | 1,29660 | 1,34362 | |
Woman | Mean | 4,50 | 4,0777 | 4,2970 | 3,9278 | 3,9035 | 4,0734 | 4,1810 | 3,8384 | 3,9832 | 4,0088 |
N | 108 | 103 | 101 | 97 | 114 | 109 | 116 | 99 | 119 | 114 | |
Standard deviation | 1,164 | 1,28100 | 1,14494 | 1,31694 | 1,38876 | 1,31026 | 1,29614 | 1,38289 | 1,30827 | 1,30686 | |
Total | Mean | 4,47 | 4,0548 | 4,1690 | 3,8333 | 3,9359 | 4,0516 | 4,1829 | 3,7737 | 3,9636 | 3,9500 |
N | 150 | 146 | 142 | 132 | 156 | 155 | 164 | 137 | 165 | 160 | |
Standard deviation | 1,157 | 1,24724 | 1,19081 | 1,33746 | 1,35684 | 1,32309 | 1,29300 | 1,36119 | 1,30146 | 1,31656 |
Type of Statistics Used | 1 * | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mann–Whitney’s U | 2083,000 | 2057,000 | 1595,500 | 1424,000 | 2286,000 | 2440.000 | 2783,000 | 1663,000 | 2613,500 | 2361,500 |
Wilcoxon’s W | 2986,000 | 3003,000 | 2456,500 | 2054,000 | 8841,000 | 3521,000 | 3959,000 | 2404,000 | 3694,500 | 3442,500 |
Z | −1,069 | −0.737 | −2,384 | −1,492 | −0.466 | −0.290 | −0.004 | −1,104 | −0.483 | −1,059 |
Asymptotic significance (2-sided) | 0.285 | 0.461 | 0.017 | 0.136 | 0.641 | 0.772 | 0.997 | 0.270 | 0.629 | 0.289 |
Age | 1 * | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Under 25 | Mean | 4,50 | 4,5385 | 4,1667 | 3,8500 | 3,8889 | 4,2000 | 4,3333 | 3,8462 | 4,1786 | 4,1538 |
N | 22 | 26 | 30 | 20 | 27 | 25 | 27 | 26 | 28 | 26 | |
Standard deviation | 1,185 | 0.81146 | 0.94989 | 1,30888 | 1,08604 | 1,08012 | 1,00000 | 1,18970 | 0.90487 | 0.92487 | |
25–30 | Mean | 4,58 | 4,0000 | 4,5417 | 4,2400 | 4,3704 | 4,2308 | 4,5556 | 4,1250 | 4,1538 | 4,1852 |
N | 24 | 26 | 24 | 25 | 27 | 26 | 27 | 24 | 26 | 27 | |
Standard deviation | 0.929 | 1,26491 | 0.88363 | 1,12842 | 1,07946 | 1,10662 | 1,01274 | 0.99181 | 1,18970 | 1,03912 | |
31–35 | Mean | 4,64 | 3,6364 | 4,0000 | 4,1000 | 3,7500 | 4,0000 | 4,0833 | 3,4545 | 3,9091 | 4,5000 |
N | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 | |
Standard deviation | 0.924 | 1,43337 | 1,48324 | 1,10050 | 1,48477 | 1,41421 | 1,37895 | 1,57249 | 1,57826 | 1,08012 | |
36–40 | Mean | 4,47 | 3,8333 | 4,3333 | 4,3333 | 4,1176 | 4,1875 | 4,0556 | 3,8182 | 3,8947 | 3,7895 |
N | 19 | 18 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 11 | 19 | 19 | |
Standard deviation | 1,264 | 1,72354 | 1,29099 | 1,29099 | 1,45269 | 1,32759 | 1,47418 | 1,53741 | 1,62941 | 1,58391 | |
41–45 | Mean | 4,39 | 4,0154 | 4,0161 | 3,5000 | 3,7808 | 3,9221 | 4,0500 | 3,6615 | 3,8519 | 3,7692 |
N | 74 | 65 | 62 | 62 | 73 | 77 | 80 | 65 | 81 | 78 | |
Standard deviation | 1,237 | 1,17915 | 1,31189 | 1,41131 | 1,48368 | 1,45788 | 1,40433 | 1,48194 | 1,34268 | 1,44979 | |
Total | Mean | 4,47 | 4,0548 | 4,1690 | 3,8333 | 3,9359 | 4,0516 | 4,1829 | 3,7737 | 3,9636 | 3,9500 |
N | 150 | 146 | 142 | 132 | 156 | 155 | 164 | 137 | 165 | 160 | |
Standard deviation | 1,157 | 1,24724 | 1,19081 | 1,33746 | 1,35684 | 1,32309 | 1,29300 | 1,36119 | 1,30146 | 1,31656 |
Type of Statistics Used | 1 * | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kruskal–Wallis’ H | 0.499 | 5,312 | 5,258 | 10.079 | 5,242 | 1,162 | 4,104 | 1,603 | 1,790 | 4,122 |
Df | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Asymptotic significance | 0.974 | 0.257 | 0.262 | 0.039 | 0.263 | 0.884 | 0.392 | 0.808 | 0.774 | 0.390 |
Seniority | Statistics | 1 * | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Under 9 months | Mean | 4,33 | 4,3684 | 4,1905 | 4,0000 | 4,0455 | 4,1579 | 4,2857 | 3,5500 | 4,0952 | 4,1053 |
N | 15 | 19 | 21 | 17 | 22 | 19 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 19 | |
Standard deviation | 1,397 | 0.89508 | 1,03049 | 1,22474 | 0.95005 | 1,16729 | 1,00712 | 1,39454 | 1,17918 | 1,04853 | |
9 months–2 years | Mean | 4,83 | 4,1667 | 4,1600 | 3,7500 | 3,9545 | 4,3333 | 4,4583 | 4,1304 | 3,9583 | 4,1250 |
N | 18 | 24 | 25 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 24 | 24 | |
Standard deviation | 0.383 | 1,09014 | 0.89815 | 1,33278 | 1,17422 | 0.96309 | 0.93153 | 1,05763 | 0.99909 | 0.99181 | |
2–6 years | Mean | 4,77 | 4,2564 | 4,5750 | 4,2286 | 4,2683 | 4,3000 | 4,4889 | 3,7429 | 4,3721 | 4,3095 |
N | 43 | 39 | 40 | 35 | 41 | 40 | 45 | 35 | 43 | 42 | |
Standard deviation | 0.751 | 1,16343 | 0.90263 | 1,11370 | 1,24548 | 1,15913 | 1,10005 | 1,29121 | 0.97647 | 1,02382 | |
Over 6 years | Mean | 4,23 | 3,7969 | 3,8750 | 3,5833 | 3,7042 | 3,7917 | 3,8784 | 3,7288 | 3,7013 | 3,6533 |
N | 74 | 64 | 56 | 60 | 71 | 72 | 74 | 59 | 77 | 75 | |
Standard deviation | 1,360 | 1,40498 | 1,45305 | 1,45313 | 1,54360 | 1,50994 | 1,50754 | 1,49517 | 1,51367 | 1,54652 | |
Total | Mean | 4,47 | 4,0548 | 4,1690 | 3,8333 | 3,9359 | 4,0516 | 4,1829 | 3,7737 | 3,9636 | 3,9500 |
N | 150 | 146 | 142 | 132 | 156 | 155 | 164 | 137 | 165 | 160 | |
Standard deviation | 1,157 | 1,24724 | 1,19081 | 1,33746 | 1,35684 | 1,32309 | 1,29300 | 1,36119 | 1,30146 | 1,31656 |
Tested Value a,b | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Statistics Used | 1 * | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Kruskal–Wallis’ H | 5,870 | 4,443 | 8,631 | 5,275 | 4,736 | 3,903 | 7,895 | 1,950 | 6,061 | 5,420 |
Df | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Asymptotic significance | 0.118 | 0.217 | 0.035 | 0.153 | 0.192 | 0.272 | 0.048 | 0.583 | 0.109 | 0.143 |
Presence of Buddy | Manufacturing Company | Trading Company | Service Company | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Answers | N | % | N | % | N | % | N (%) |
Yes | 20 | 80 | 17 | 50 | 58 | 48.7 | 95 (53.4) |
No | 5 | 20 | 17 | 50 | 61 | 51.3 | 83 (46.6) |
Total | 25 | 100 | 34 | 100 | 119 | 100 | 178 (100) |
Type of Statistics Used | Value | df | Asymptotic Significance (2-Sided) |
---|---|---|---|
Pearson’s chi-squared test | 8,304 | 2 | 0.016 |
Odds ratio | 8,903 | 2 | 0.012 |
Linear correlation test | 6,270 | 1 | 0.012 |
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Krugiełka, A.; Bartkowiak, G.; Knap-Stefaniuk, A.; Sowa-Behtane, E.; Dachowski, R. Onboarding in Polish Enterprises in the Perspective of HR Specialists. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021512
Krugiełka A, Bartkowiak G, Knap-Stefaniuk A, Sowa-Behtane E, Dachowski R. Onboarding in Polish Enterprises in the Perspective of HR Specialists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021512
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrugiełka, Agnieszka, Grażyna Bartkowiak, Agnieszka Knap-Stefaniuk, Ewa Sowa-Behtane, and Ryszard Dachowski. 2023. "Onboarding in Polish Enterprises in the Perspective of HR Specialists" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021512