¡Miranos! An 8-Month Comprehensive Preschool Obesity Prevention Program in Low-Income Latino Children: Effects on Children’s Gross Motor Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Setting and Participants
2.3. Description of ¡Míranos! Intervention
2.4. Study Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Condition | Treatment Component | Activities | Implementers |
---|---|---|---|
Center-based Intervention | Physical activity, nutrition policy and environment |
| Classroom teachers and paraprofessionals |
¡Míranos! physical activity/gross motor program |
| Classroom teachers and paraprofessionals | |
Supplemental health-education activities |
| Classroom teachers and paraprofessionals | |
¡Míranos! Staff-wellness program |
| All center staff | |
Meal-pattern modification |
| Central kitchen staff | |
Staff development and training |
| Center staff, curriculum development staff | |
Home-based Intervention | Peer-led obesity education |
| Trained parent peer educators |
Home visits |
| Family-service workers | |
Comparison | “I Am Moving, I Am Learning” obesity-prevention curriculum |
| Control centers |
Literacy education |
| Control centers |
Variables | CBI + HBI (n = 92) | CBI (n = 100) | Control (n = 118) | Total (n = 310) | p Value 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Center size, n (%) | 0.01 | ||||
Small | 57 (61.96) | 71 (71) | 61 (51.69) | 189 (60.97) | |
Large | 35 (38.04) | 29 (29) | 57 (48.31) | 121 (39.03) | |
Child age at baseline, yr | 0.49 | ||||
Median (Q1, Q3) | 3.64 (3.39, 3.84) | 3.55 (3.36, 3.76) | 3.61 (3.31, 3.92) | 3.59 (3.33, 3.84) | |
Mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 0.29 | 3.56 ± 0.26 | 3.6 ± 0.32 | 3.59 ± 0.29 | |
Child sex, n (%) | 0.18 | ||||
Male | 39 (42.39) | 35 (35) | 56 (47.46) | 130 (41.94) | |
Female | 53 (57.61) | 65 (65) | 62 (52.54) | 180 (58.06) | |
Child race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.15 | ||||
Non-H AA | 5 (5.43) | 10 (10) | 4 (3.39) | 19 (6.13) | |
Hispanic | 78 (84.78) | 84 (84) | 109 (92.37) | 271 (87.42) | |
Other | 9 (9.78) | 6 (6) | 5 (4.24) | 20 (6.45) | |
Child with asthma, n (%) | 8 (8.7) | 15 (15) | 17 (14.41) | 40 (12.9) | 0.35 |
Mother education, n (%) | 0.7 | ||||
Less than a high-school diploma | 11 (11.96) | 12 (12) | 13 (11.02) | 36 (11.61) | |
High-school diploma/GED | 42 (45.65) | 38 (38) | 54 (45.76) | 134 (43.23) | |
College or technical-school degree | 27 (29.35) | 41 (41) | 40 (33.9) | 108 (34.84) | |
N/A or missing | 12 (13.04) | 9 (9) | 11 (9.32) | 32 (10.32) | |
Language spoken most often at home, n (%) | 0.63 | ||||
English | 52 (56.52) | 62 (62) | 58 (49.15) | 172 (55.48) | |
Spanish or other | 22 (23.91) | 22 (22) | 30 (25.42) | 74 (23.87) | |
English and Spanish equally | 12 (13.04) | 11 (11) | 21 (17.8) | 44 (14.19) | |
Not reported | 6 (6.52) | 5 (5) | 9 (7.63) | 20 (6.45) | |
Parents not married, n (%) | 34 (36.96) | 35 (35) | 44 (37.29) | 113 (36.45) | 0.93 |
Family members with history of diabetes, n (%) | 41 (44.57) | 43 (43) | 43 (36.44) | 127 (40.97) | 0.44 |
Outcomes | CBI + HBI (n = 92) | CBI (n = 100) | Control (n = 118) | Total (n = 310) | p Value 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GMQ | |||||
Baseline 2 | 87.2 ± 9.22 | 83.74 ± 12.17 | 84.31 ± 12.35 | 85.01 ± 11.47 | 0.41 |
Posttest 3 | 95.09 ± 9.21 | 94.17 ± 9.46 | 89.25 ± 10.7 | 92.5 ± 10.21 | <0.001 * |
Change 4 | 8.92 ± 10.68 | 9.36 ± 13.04 | 4.33 ±1 4.06 | 7.3 ± 12.96 | 0.02 * |
Cohen’s d | 0.84 9 | 0.72 9 | 0.31 9 | ||
Cohen’s d | 0.37 10 | 0.37 11 | |||
Cohen’s d | −0.04 12 | ||||
LS pctl | |||||
Baseline 5 | 18.98 ± 15.34 | 23.78 ± 19.4 | 19.73 ± 17.1 | 20.73 ± 17.36 | 0.35 |
Posttest 3 | 42.59 ± 22.39 | 42.37 ± 22.35 | 30.25 ± 19.89 | 37.65 ± 22.17 | <0.001 * |
Change 6 | 25.13 ± 20.72 | 17.19 ± 23.92 | 10.2 ± 20.81 | 17.21 ± 22.54 | <0.001 * |
Cohen’s d | 1.21 9 | 0.72 9 | 0.49 9 | ||
Cohen’s d | 0.72 10 | 0.31 11 | |||
Cohen’s d | 0.35 12 | ||||
BS pctl | |||||
Baseline 7 | 35.95 ± 19.76 | 30.64 ± 19.16 | 34.67 ± 19.84 | 33.76 ± 19.65 | 0.13 |
Posttest 3 | 38.92 ± 19.84 | 37.36 ± 17.81 | 33.63 ± 19.73 | 36.35 ± 19.25 | 0.15 |
Change 8 | 4.14 ± 23.48 | 5.36 ± 20.93 | −2.53 ± 24.7 | 1.97 ± 23.38 | 0.08 |
Cohen’s d | 0.18 9 | 0.26 9 | −0.1 9 | ||
Cohen’s d | 0.28 10 | 0.34 11 | |||
Cohen’s d | −0.05 12 |
Outcomes | CBI + HBI (n = 92) | CBI (n = 100) | Control (n = 118) | Difference (CBI + HBI−Control) | Difference (CBI−Control) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Change (SE) | Mean Change (SE) | Mean Change (SE) | Difference (95% CI) | p Value | Difference (95% CI) | p Value | |
GMQ 2 | 8.08 (1.48) * | 10.15 (1.43) * | 4.69 (1.32) * | 3.39 (−0.50, 7.28) | 0.09 ^ | 5.46 (1.64, 9.29) | 0.01 * |
LS pctl 3 | 23.99 (2.48) * | 17.91 (2.53) * | 10.31 (2.31) * | 13.68 (7.04, 20.33) | <0.001 * | 7.60 (0.89, 14.31) | 0.03 * |
BS pctl 4 | 3.32 (2.59) | 6.11 (2.52) * | −1.46 (2.32) | 4.78 (−2.04, 11.60) | 0.17 | 7.57 (0.86, 14.28) | 0.03 * |
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Errisuriz, V.L.; Parra-Medina, D.; Liang, Y.; Howard, J.T.; Li, S.; Sosa, E.; Ullevig, S.L.; Estrada-Coats, V.M.; Yin, Z. ¡Miranos! An 8-Month Comprehensive Preschool Obesity Prevention Program in Low-Income Latino Children: Effects on Children’s Gross Motor Development. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20216974
Errisuriz VL, Parra-Medina D, Liang Y, Howard JT, Li S, Sosa E, Ullevig SL, Estrada-Coats VM, Yin Z. ¡Miranos! An 8-Month Comprehensive Preschool Obesity Prevention Program in Low-Income Latino Children: Effects on Children’s Gross Motor Development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(21):6974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20216974
Chicago/Turabian StyleErrisuriz, Vanessa L., Deborah Parra-Medina, Yuanyuan Liang, Jeffrey T. Howard, Shiyu Li, Erica Sosa, Sarah L. Ullevig, Vanessa M. Estrada-Coats, and Zenong Yin. 2023. "¡Miranos! An 8-Month Comprehensive Preschool Obesity Prevention Program in Low-Income Latino Children: Effects on Children’s Gross Motor Development" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 21: 6974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20216974