The Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise Regulating the PI3K/Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway Intervenes in Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis in Vascular Dementia Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Handling
2.2. Establishment of the Vascular Dementia Model
2.3. Aerobic Exercise Program
2.4. Neurobehavioral Assessment
2.5. Hippocampal Tissue Sampling
2.6. Immunohistochemical Detection of the LC3II Protein Expression
2.7. Apoptosis Detection of Hippocampal Neurons with TUNEL
2.8. RT-PCR Detection of the Related Gene Expression
2.9. Western Blot
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Neurobehavioral Assessment
3.2. The Results of Apoptosis Detection of Hippocampal Neurons
3.3. Expression of the LC3Ⅱ Protein in the Hippocampus
3.4. Expression Results of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway and Its Related Factors
3.5. The Results of the Western Blot
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Primer Sequence | Length (bp) |
---|---|---|
Caspase-3 | Sense primer 5’-GTACAGAGCTGGACTGCGGTATTG-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-AGTCGGCCTCCACTGGTATCTTC-3’ | 84 |
Bcl-2 | Sense primer 5’-CGGGAGAACAGGGTATGA-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-CAGAGACAGCCAGGAGAA-3’ | 631 |
Bax | Sense primer 5’-AGGGTTTCATTCCAGGATCGAGC-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-AGGCGGTGAGGACTCCAGCC-3’ | 468 |
Beclin-1 | Sense primer 5’-GCTCAGTACCAGCGAGA-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-ACAGTACAACGGCAACTC | 381 |
PI3K | Sense primer 5’-GAGGGGCTACGAGTGGGATA-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-CAGGCTGGAAGGAGAAGATG-3’ | 81 |
Akt | Sense primer 5’-AGGACCCTACACAGAGGCT-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-ACACGATGTTGGCAAAGAA-3’ | 81 |
mTOR | Sense primer 5’-AAGAAGGTCACTGAGGATT-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-GGAGATAGAACGGAAGAAG-3’ | 81 |
LC3Ⅱ | Sense primer 5’-CGGGTTGAGGAGACACACAA-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-ATGAGCCGGACATCTTCCAC-3’ | 220 |
GAPDH | Sense primer 5’-GTTACCAGGGTTTCCCGT-3’ Anti-sense primer 5’-GATGGTGATGGGTTTCCCGT-3’ | 177 |
Group | Latency (s) | Crossing Frequency | Swimming Time a (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Sham | 49.500 ± 5.161 | 5.917 ± 1.379 | 44.833 ± 8.632 |
VG | 93.583 ± 12.206 ** | 2.500 ± 1.446 ** | 26.750 ± 6.905 * |
VE | 57.417 ± 8.017 *,## | 4.500 ± 1.446 *,## | 41.833 ± 10.983 # |
Group | TUNEL-Positive Cell Rates (%) | Caspase-3 | Bcl-2 | Bax |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sham | 17.667 ± 2.658 | 0.582 ± 0.092 | 0.827 ± 0.118 | 1.283 ± 0.157 |
VG | 46.500 ± 8.313 ** | 0.951 ± 0.053 ** | 0.359 ± 0.061 ** | 2.213 ± 0.192 ** |
VE | 23.500 ± 4.416 *,## | 0.825 ± 0.057 ## | 0.645 ± 0.072 *,## | 1.575 ± 0.131 *,## |
Group | PI3K | Akt | mTOR | LC3Ⅱ | Beclin-1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sham | 1.601 ± 0.136 | 1.710 ± 0.110 | 2.013 ± 0.042 | 0.166 ± 0.039 | 0.301 ± 0.067 |
VG | 0.962 ± 0.116 ** | 1.413 ± 0.127 * | 1.621 ± 0.059 | 0.749 ± 0.078 ** | 0.752 ± 0.133 ** |
VE | 1.546 ± 0.121 ## | 1.830 ± 0.182 ## | 3.086 ± 0.230 ## | 0.219 ± 0.024 ## | 0.468 ± 0.159 ## |
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Gao, L.; Liu, F.; Liu, R. The Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise Regulating the PI3K/Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway Intervenes in Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis in Vascular Dementia Rats. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031893
Gao L, Liu F, Liu R. The Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise Regulating the PI3K/Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway Intervenes in Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis in Vascular Dementia Rats. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):1893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031893
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Lei, Fushun Liu, and Ruilian Liu. 2023. "The Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise Regulating the PI3K/Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway Intervenes in Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis in Vascular Dementia Rats" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 1893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031893