Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Alsuwayegh, Aseel; Almaghlouth, Ibrahim A.; Almasaoud, Majed Ali; Alzaid, Abdullah Sulaiman; Alsuhaibani, Adel Abdulaziz; Almana, Lyan Hassan; Alabdulkareem, Sara Mohammed; Abudahesh, Joud Abdullah; AlRuthia, Yazed

doi:10.3390/ijerph20031917

Open AccessArticle

Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

by

Aseel Alsuwayegh

^1,†

,

Ibrahim A. Almaghlouth

^2,*

,

Majed Ali Almasaoud

³

,

Abdullah Sulaiman Alzaid

³,

Adel Abdulaziz Alsuhaibani

³

,

Lyan Hassan Almana

³,

Sara Mohammed Alabdulkareem

³,

Joud Abdullah Abudahesh

³ and

Yazed AlRuthia

^4,5,*,†

¹

Corporate Department of Pharmacy Services, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

²

Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia

³

College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia

⁴

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

⁵

Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors have contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 1917; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031917

Submission received: 23 December 2022 / Revised: 10 January 2023 / Accepted: 17 January 2023 / Published: 20 January 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economic Evaluation of Drugs, Patient Care Intervention(s), and Health Care Program(s))

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Abstract

Background: Belimumab use for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been limited, in part due to its high acquisition cost relative to the standard of care (SoC) and the uncertainties about its cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the cost and effectiveness of belimumab versus the SoC alone for the management of SLE using real-world data from the perspective of public healthcare payers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were retrieved from a national prospective cohort of SLE, Saudi Arabia. Adult SLE patients (≥18 yrs.) treated with belimumab plus the SoC or the SoC alone for at least six months were recruited. The effectiveness was measured using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Unit costs for health services and prescription drugs were retrieved from the Saudi ministry of health. Nonparametric bootstrapping with inverse probability weighting was conducted to generate the 95% confidence limits for the cost and effectiveness. Results: A total of 15 patients on belimumab plus the SoC and 41 patients on the SoC alone met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The majority of patients were females (91.07%) with a mean age of 38 years. The mean difference in cost and SLEDAI-2K score reduction between belimumab versus the SoC were USD 5303.16 [95% CI: USD 2735.61–USD 7802.52] and 3.378 [95% CI: 1.769–6.831], respectively. Belimumab demonstrated better effectiveness but higher cost in 96% of the bootstrap cost-effectiveness distributions. Conclusion: Future studies should use more robust research designs and a larger sample size to confirm the findings of this study.

Keywords: systemic lupus erythematosus; belimumab; cost effectiveness analysis; Saudi Arabia; lupus nephritis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alsuwayegh, A.; Almaghlouth, I.A.; Almasaoud, M.A.; Alzaid, A.S.; Alsuhaibani, A.A.; Almana, L.H.; Alabdulkareem, S.M.; Abudahesh, J.A.; AlRuthia, Y. Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031917

AMA Style

Alsuwayegh A, Almaghlouth IA, Almasaoud MA, Alzaid AS, Alsuhaibani AA, Almana LH, Alabdulkareem SM, Abudahesh JA, AlRuthia Y. Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):1917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031917

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alsuwayegh, Aseel, Ibrahim A. Almaghlouth, Majed Ali Almasaoud, Abdullah Sulaiman Alzaid, Adel Abdulaziz Alsuhaibani, Lyan Hassan Almana, Sara Mohammed Alabdulkareem, Joud Abdullah Abudahesh, and Yazed AlRuthia. 2023. "Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 1917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031917

APA Style

Alsuwayegh, A., Almaghlouth, I. A., Almasaoud, M. A., Alzaid, A. S., Alsuhaibani, A. A., Almana, L. H., Alabdulkareem, S. M., Abudahesh, J. A., & AlRuthia, Y. (2023). Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031917

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Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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