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Article

Food Behaviours and Health Indicators in Manitoba Adolescents and Relation to the Healthy Eating Index

by
Joyce Slater
1,*,
Bhanu Pilli
1,
Aynslie Hinds
2,
Alan Katz
3,4,
Marcelo L. Urquia
3,
Julianne Sanguins
5,
Chris Green
6,
Jaime Cidro
7,
Dan Chateau
8 and
Nathan Nickel
3
1
Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
2
Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
3
Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
4
Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
5
Manitoba Metis Federation, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0 J7, Canada
6
Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB R3B 1E2, Canada
7
Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
8
Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2007; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032007
Submission received: 14 December 2022 / Revised: 16 January 2023 / Accepted: 16 January 2023 / Published: 21 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adolescent Nutrition and Health)
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Abstract

Adolescence is a vital period of growth and development, both of which are dependent on adequate nutrition; however, concerns persist about poor nutrition and inappropriate food behaviours. In addition to nutrition assessment, the context of food and health behaviour is necessary to understand how dietary choices are shaped and related to diet quality. This study describes food-related behaviours and health indicators associated with dietary quality among adolescents in Manitoba, Canada. A stratified two-stage sampling method was used to collect data on the diet, food behaviours and health indicators of 1587 grade nine students. Diet quality was analysed using the Healthy Eating Index-Canada. Several food behaviours and health indicators varied by gender and school region (urban, rural, northern). The Independent Samples t-test and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) assessed differences between groups on the Healthy Eating Index-Canada. Higher Healthy Eating Index-Canada scores were found for those eating family dinners more frequently; consuming breakfast and lunch more frequently; consuming breakfast at home; eating lunch and morning snacks at school; purchasing fewer meals and snacks from cafeterias and vending machines; believing that food and nutrition education is important; not attempting to lose weight; being classified as ‘healthy weight’; and getting more sleep. Many Manitoba youth are exhibiting food and health behaviours that increase their risk of having a poor diet.
Keywords: nutrition; eating behaviours; diet; adolescent; Manitoba; Canada nutrition; eating behaviours; diet; adolescent; Manitoba; Canada

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MDPI and ACS Style

Slater, J.; Pilli, B.; Hinds, A.; Katz, A.; Urquia, M.L.; Sanguins, J.; Green, C.; Cidro, J.; Chateau, D.; Nickel, N. Food Behaviours and Health Indicators in Manitoba Adolescents and Relation to the Healthy Eating Index. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032007

AMA Style

Slater J, Pilli B, Hinds A, Katz A, Urquia ML, Sanguins J, Green C, Cidro J, Chateau D, Nickel N. Food Behaviours and Health Indicators in Manitoba Adolescents and Relation to the Healthy Eating Index. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032007

Chicago/Turabian Style

Slater, Joyce, Bhanu Pilli, Aynslie Hinds, Alan Katz, Marcelo L. Urquia, Julianne Sanguins, Chris Green, Jaime Cidro, Dan Chateau, and Nathan Nickel. 2023. "Food Behaviours and Health Indicators in Manitoba Adolescents and Relation to the Healthy Eating Index" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032007

APA Style

Slater, J., Pilli, B., Hinds, A., Katz, A., Urquia, M. L., Sanguins, J., Green, C., Cidro, J., Chateau, D., & Nickel, N. (2023). Food Behaviours and Health Indicators in Manitoba Adolescents and Relation to the Healthy Eating Index. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032007

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